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Absolutism. And Religious Wars. France. Problems (from about 1600) Religious Economic Weak kings (Louis XIII) Cardinal Richelieu De facto ruler Manipulated foreign affairs Suppressed the Huguenots Established central taxation Three Musketeers.
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Absolutism And Religious Wars
France • Problems (from about 1600) • Religious • Economic • Weak kings (Louis XIII) • Cardinal Richelieu • De facto ruler • Manipulated foreign affairs • Suppressed the Huguenots • Established central taxation • Three Musketeers
“What is done for the state is done for God, who is the basis and foundation of it......Where the interests of the state are concerned, God absolves actions which, if privately committed, would be a crime.” — Cardinal Richelieu
"If you give me six lines writtenby the most honest man, I will findsomething in them to hang him." —Cardinal Richelieu
France • Louis XIV • Boy king • Assumed total authority when Cardinal Mazarin, successor to Richelieu, died • Influenced by his mistresses • Wars, destablization
France • Louis XIV • Golden Age • The Sun King • L'état c'est moi • Versailles • French culture = prestige • Mercantilism • Repeal of the Edict of Nantes
Germany Population losses in Germany as a result of the Thirty Years War • Divided by the Reformation • The Thirty Years War
Austria • Ruled by Hapsburgs • Resignation of Charles V • Separation into Spanish and Austrian branches • Hapsburgs married other royal families • Grew the Holy Roman Empire
Spain • Decline • Spanish armada defeat • Economic difficulties • Effects of Thirty Years War • War of Spanish Succession • Alliance with France but both possessions • Hudson Bay basin • Portugal, Naples & Sicily, Netherlands
Russia • Romanoff family united people • Descendants of Roman Empire • Ivan I married daughter of last Byzantine emperor • Caesar = Tsar • Ivan IV (the terrible) • Peter the Great
Periods from 1500 to the present: • 1500-1660 – dominated by the issue of what to believe in religion [the 1st estate]; • 1661-1789 – dominated by the issue of the mode of government [the 2nd estate]; • 1790-present – dominated by the issue of social and economic equality [the 3rd estate]. – from Barzun, Jacques, From Dawn to Decadence, Perennial, 2000, p.xxi.
Witch Hunts • Viewed as evils of Catholicism • Killed throughout central Europe • Spilled into American colonies