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Aldehydes and Ketones - carbonyl compounds

Aldehydes and Ketones - carbonyl compounds. carbonyl group - structure, bonding and physical properties. Review of methods of preparation of aldehydes and ketones. hydration of alkynes Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic compounds. Overview of reactions of carbonyl compounds.

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Aldehydes and Ketones - carbonyl compounds

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  1. Aldehydes and Ketones - carbonyl compounds • carbonyl group - • structure, bonding and physical properties

  2. Review of methods of preparation of aldehydes and ketones • hydration of alkynes • Friedel-Crafts acylation of aromatic compounds

  3. Overview of reactions of carbonyl compounds • reduction to alcohols • addition of organometallic reagents • addition of oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus nucleophiles • reduction of carbonyl to methylene (Clemmensen or Wolff-Kishner)

  4. Nucleophilic addition to carbonyls

  5. Nucleophilic addition to carbonyls

  6. Synthesis of Alcohols • Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds

  7. Synthesis of Alcohols Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds

  8. Synthesis of Alcohols Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds H2/cat., NaBH4, LiAlH4

  9. lithium aluminum hydride (LAH)

  10. sodium borohydride

  11. Synthesis of Alcohols Using Organometallic Reagents

  12. Hydration of aldehydes and ketones

  13. An example

  14. Addition of alcohols: hemiacetal and acetal formation

  15. Addition of alcohols: hemiacetal and acetal formation • hemiacetal • or hemiketal

  16. Addition of alcohols: hemiacetal and acetal formation • hemiacetal acetal

  17. Mechanism of acetal formation

  18. Mechanism of acetal formation

  19. An example

  20. Addition of ammonia and amines: imine and enamine formation

  21. Examples

  22. Examples

  23. Examples

  24. The Wittig Reaction

  25. An example

  26. The mechanism

  27. Mechanism, cont.

  28. Mechanism, cont.

  29. Mechanism, cont.

  30. Formation of cyanohydrins

  31. Example

  32. Reduction of carbonyls to alkanes • Clemmensen reduction • Wolff-Kishner reduction • Desulfurization of thioketals

  33. Nucleophilic Addition to a,b-Unsaturated Carbonyls

  34. Nucleophilic Addition to a,b-Unsaturated Carbonyls • Strong nucleophiles add 1,2 • kinetic control • Weaker nucleophiles add 1,4 • thermodynamic control

  35. Nucleophilic Addition to a,b-Unsaturated Carbonyls

  36. Nucleophilic Addition to a,b-Unsaturated Carbonyls

  37. Nucleophilic Addition to a,b-Unsaturated Carbonyls

  38. Nucleophilic Addition to a,b-Unsaturated Carbonyls

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