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Warm-Up 2/24

Warm-Up 2/24. Pre-assessment question What is a dichotomous key? Look in your handout from Friday to answer the following: How many major tissue types are there? What kind of tissue are bone and blood classified as?. Activity IF NEEDED. Warm-Up 2/25.

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Warm-Up 2/24

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  1. Warm-Up 2/24 Pre-assessment question • What is a dichotomous key? Look in your handout from Friday to answer the following: • How many major tissue types are there? • What kind of tissue are bone and blood classified as?

  2. Activity IF NEEDED

  3. Warm-Up 2/25 • Draw a cross section of 3 attached simple squamous cells. • Draw 6 cells in a stratified cuboidal arrangement. • What is a basement membrane?

  4. Warm-Up 2/26 • How many types of cartilage are there? • How many types of muscle tissue are there? • Microvilli and cilia can look somewhat similar under a microscope but have very different functions. Explain how their functions are different.

  5. A dichotomous key is a method for determining the identity of something (like the name of a butterfly, a plant, a lichen, or a rock) by going through a series of choices that leads the user to the correct name of the item. Dichotomous means "divided in two parts". • At each step of the process of using the key, the user is given two choices; each alternative leads to another question until the item is identified. (It's like playing 20 questions.) • For example, a question in a dichotomous key for trees might be something like, "Are the leaves flat or needle-like?" If the answer was "needle-like," then the next question might be something like, "Are the needles in a bunch or are they spread along the branch?" Eventually, when enough questions have been answered, the identity of the tree is revealed.

  6. Take 5 min in groups of 4-5 • Classroom Activity:As a simple example, you can construct a dichotomous key to identify people (or another group of items) in a classroom, using questions based on gender, hair length/color, glasses (or not), clothing color, etc. • Question 1: Is the person male or female?Question 2: Does the person wear glasses or not?Question 3: Is the person wearing blue jeans or not?etc. • The end of each branch of the key should be a person's name. • A dichotomous key will have enough questions to identify each member of the group. To test it, you can identify each person in the group by going through the key and seeing if the right name comes up.

  7. Warm-Up 2/28 • Contraction/movement is the primary function of what major tissue type? • Postulate what would happen if your epithelial cells stopped dividing all together. Explain and support your idea. • How would it affect your daily functioning if your nerve tissue only divided slowly or not at all?

  8. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_staging

  9. Surgery- Cut it out • Chemotherapy- Poison it • Radiation Therapy- Burn it • Targeted Therapy- Hit it with a magic bullet • Immunotherapy- Train the body to fight it Source: http://www.cancer.org/treatment/treatmentsandsideeffects/treatmenttypes/index

  10. Stage 0 'in situ' • "A cell that becomes a cancer cell usually does so in the company of other similar cells. Often, but not always, it can produce a tumour right there in that tissue, in a way that poses little or no threat to life. This is called in situ cancer; that is, cancer in the position where it started. It is probable that some cancers never go beyond this early stage." • Stage 1: localised cancer • "At the next stage, the cancer cells gain the ability to pass through the 'basement membrane', that is the thin, fibrous boundary to the tissue in which the cancer began, and to invade neighbouring tissue. This invasion is a serious step, because it indicates that the growing cancer cells may threaten life. • "While the cancer remains a single lump, partly in the tissue where it began and partly in a neighbouring tissue, it is said to be in the localised stage." • Stages 2 and 3: regional spread • "Once a cancer cell has invaded, a common next step is for one of its daughter cells to invade through a lymph vessel (a vessel like a blood vessel that carries the clear fluid called lymph, which is all the time exuding into tissue from our blood capillaries (the smallest blood vessels), back to the blood stream). • "On the way to the blood stream, the cancer cell can get caught in a lymph node, one of the powerhouses of the body's immune system. There it might provoke an immune response against it, which can go on to destroy it and the other cancer cells. Wonderful! • "Sometimes, though, it divides and forms a lump in the lymph node. This stage is often referred to as regional spread. That is, the cancer has spread within the general region in which it first began but not to other parts of the body." Source: http://www.cancerinstitute.org.au/patient-support/what-i-need-to-know/about-cancer/what-are-the-different-stages-of-cancer

  11. Stage 4: distant spread • "The next step can be quite varied. Cells from the lump in the lymph node may spread further through lymph vessels to more distant lymph nodes or on into the blood stream. Or cells from the original lump may invade a capillary and enter the blood stream that way. • "Either way, once in the blood stream, the cancer cells can go just about anywhere in the body, form new colonies and spread further. This is the stage of distant spread."

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