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The Korean War 1950-1953

The Korean War 1950-1953. The Cold War: Development & Impact Globally. Korean War (#2 on wksht ). Korea had been under Japanese occupation during WWII After Japan had lost the Allied forces and the Soviets agreed to divide Korea along the 38 th parallel

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The Korean War 1950-1953

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  1. The Korean War 1950-1953 The Cold War: Development & Impact Globally

  2. Korean War (#2 on wksht) • Korea had been under Japanese occupation during WWII • After Japan had lost the Allied forces and the Soviets agreed to divide Korea along the 38th parallel • Most Koreans wanted unification • The Soviets occupied the North, and the US occupied the South

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  4. The US created the Republic of Korea (ROK) in the South • In response the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) was founded in the North under Communist leader Kim Il-Sung • North Korea wanted to expand its borders and communism into the south • North Korea with support from the USSR and People’s Republic of China invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950

  5. (1949)- Mao Zedong leads Communist takeover in China (rival to Soviet Union) REACTION: Increased fears of communist domination U.S. spent $3 million in support of Nationalist, Chiang Kai-shek, only to have failed!

  6. The Korean War was the result of political causes: • -The US wanted to contain communism; USSR and China wanted communism to expand • -The 38th parallel acted as a political border

  7. The Start of the Korean War • North Korea invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950. • They pushed South across the 38th parallel and captured Seoul. • Next they pushed south to the southeast port city of Pusan • Most leaders in the United States were surprised by this attack. • The United States was not well prepared to fight in Korea; however, the decision to fight was made quickly. • Truman decided that the United States would take a stand against Communist aggression in Korea. • The United Nations Security Council voted unanimously in favor of the use of force in Korea.

  8. The Start of the Korean War Role of the United States • South Korea was where the United States had to take a stand against Communist aggression. • Truman asked the United Nations to approve the use of force to stop the North Korean invasion. Role of the United Nations • The UN Security Council supported the use of force in Korea. • The troops sent to Korea were to be a United Nations force. • Instead of calling this a war, the whole effort was referred to as a UN police action.

  9. Combat in the Korean War • UN forces made an amphibious landing behind North Korean lines at the port city of Inchon. • MacArthur’s surprise attack worked beautifully. • The September 1950 invasion at Inchon was a key victory for UN forces. The Inchon Landing • Offensives from Inchon and Pusan resulted in the destruction or surrender of huge numbers of North Korean troops. • By October 1950 all of South Korea was back in UN hands. North Korea on the Run • UN forces had begun to move into North Korea, but the when 260,000 Chinese troops joined the North Koreans the UN began to retreat. • UN forces retreated all the way back to Seoul. It was the longest fallback in U.S. military history. UN Forces Retreat

  10. General MacArthur Is Fired • MacArthur wanted to expand the war by bombing the Chinese mainland, perhaps even with atomic weapons. • MacArthur disagreed with President Truman about the direction of the fighting and challenged the authority of the president. • Truman fired MacArthur. • Many Americans were outraged at the firing of MacArthur.

  11. End of the Korean War • The war ended in a stalemate at the 38th parallel resulting in a ceasefire; there was no victory • Stalin did not want to accept a Communist defeat in Korea. His death in March 1953 = critical to the end of the Korean War • New US president was Dwight Eisenhower  election was partly based on withdrawal from Korea • Ended on July 27th, 1953 with a truce; armistice signed • North Korea and South Korea remain divided • Tensions still exist today

  12. Division between North Korea and South Korea.

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