Advanced Fashion: Standard 5 Fabrics

1. Advanced Fashion: Standard 5Fabrics Created by: Kris Caldwell Timpanogos High School

2. Fibers • Cellulosic Fibers: Fibers composed of or derived from cellulose from plants, such as cotton, linen, rayon, acetate, and triacetate. • Protein Fibers: Natural fibers of animal origin, such as wool, silk, and specialty hair fibers. • Staple Fibers: Short lengths of natural fibers under eight inches, or of filament fibers that have been cut.

3. Fibers • Filaments: Long, fine, continuous threads found naturally as silk and extruded as manufactured fibers. • Cellulosic Manufactured Fibers: Made from cellulose from plants, such as soft wood pulp, and are transformed into usable fibers by applying chemicals that “regenerate” the cellulose.

4. Fibers • Noncellulosic Manufactured Fibers: “Synthetic” fibers made of various petrochemical mixtures of crude oil, natural, gas, air, and water. • Spinneret: A nozzle with many tiny holes, similar to a showerhead, through which liquid fiber-forming solutions are forced to form manufactured filaments

5. Making Fibers into Yarns • Spinning: Process of drawing, twisting, and winding individual staple fibers into long, cohesive strands or yarns. Also, the extrusion of manufactured filaments. • Ply: Each strand of yarn in a ply yarn. • Blend: Yarn made by spinning together two or more different fibers, usually in staple form.

6. Fabric • Weaving: The procedure of interlacing two sets of yarns at right angles to each other, usually done on a loom. • Warp Yarns: Lengthwise yarns that are threaded on to the loom side-by-side and pulled tight. • Weft (filling) Yarns: Crosswise yarns on a woven fabric, pulled back and forth by a shuttle.

7. Fabrics • Selvage: Strong lengthwise edges of fabric that do not ravel, formed when the filling yarns turn to go back the other direction. • Grain: The direction the yarns run in the fabric. • True Bias: Runs at a 45-degree angle, or halfway between the lengthwise and crosswise grains.

8. Fabrics • Nonwovens: Made from a compact web of fibers, not yarns, held together with a combination of moisture, heat, chemicals, friction, and/or pressure. • Laces and Nets: Openwork fabrics made by crossing, twisting, or looping yarns into designs. • Braided Fabrics: Made by braiding, also called “plaiting”. Three or more yarns are interlaces to form a regular diagonal pattern done the length of the resulting cord.

9. Fabrics • Bonding: A method of permanently laminating together two layers of fabric that are already constructed. • Quilted Fabrics: Consist of a layer of padding (or batting) sandwiched between two layers of yarn goods. The three layers are usually held in place by machine stitching around decorative areas or shaped spaces.

10. Fabric Finishes • Finishing: Done by applying colors, designs or surface treatments that change the look, feel, or performance of fabrics. • Bleaching: A chemical process that removes any natural color from fibers and fabrics. • Dyeing: A method of giving color to textiles using coloring agents called dyes.

11. Fabric Finishes • Colorfast: Implies that the color in a fabric will not fade or change with normal expected use and care. • Printing: A process for adding color, pattern, or design to the surface of fabrics. • Hand: The way a fabrics feel to the touch.