DESKTOP TRAINING An Overview of ADHD

1. DESKTOP TRAINING An Overview of ADHD Developed By John Avera, Jan Osier Bavaria District October 2006 Click your mouse to move forward to the next slide……..

2. How to use this Power Point • Click forward with your mouse at your own pace to view each slide. • View with others so you can discuss the information. • Many thanks to Sandi Sacco • for sharing this important information!

3. ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD) BY SANDRA E. SACCO SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGIST Click to move to the next slide…..

4. WHAT IS ADHD?

5. TYPES OF ADHD • ADHD, Predominantly Inattentive • ADHD, Predominantly Hyperactive/Impulsive • ADHD, Combined Type

6. THE ESSENTIAL FEATURE Developmentally inappropriate degree of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity

7. CHARACTERISTICS OF ADHD (1 0f 3) • INATTENTION • SITUATIONS WHERE SYMPTOMS DISAPPEAR • Novel, Interesting to child, intimidating, and one-on-one • DISTRACTIBILITY • Visual and Auditory • Fantasy Distractors • Somatic Distractors

8. CHARACTERISTICS OF ADHD (2 of 3) • IMPULSIVITY • DIFFICULTY DELAYING GRATIFICATION • HYPERACTIVITY • EMOTIONAL OVERAROUSAL • TEMPER • HYPER SILLINESS

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF ADHD (3 of 3) • DISORGANIZATION • SOCIAL PROBLEMS: bossy, aggressive,low frustration tolerance • NON COMPLIANCE • AGGRESSIVE: Defiance • PASSIVE: Sloppy, forgetful

10. WHAT’S REALLY WRONG WITH AN ADHD CHILD: POOR SELF CONTROL • A NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT IN ONE’S ABILITY TO INHIBIT BEHAVIOR WHICH LEADS TO: • DIFFICULTY CONTROLLING IMPULSES AND REGULATING ONE’S BEHAVIOR • DIFFICULTY RESTRAINING IMPULSES AND STAYING WITH A PLAN OR INSTRUCTION

11. THE IMPACT OF POOR SELF CONTROL ON ADHD CHILD • Going with the flow - events control child not the child controlling events • Controlled by promise of whatever seems rewarding at moment • Inconsistent work performance - high variability - controlled by events of moment

12. DEVELOPMENT OF INHIBITION - RELATED MENTAL ABILITIES • FRONTAL PART OF BRAIN - GIVES POWERS OF SELF CONTROL AND CAPACITY TO DIRECT OUR BEHAVIOR TOWARDS THE FUTURE

13. Hindsight - forethought Self directed Speech: Our mind’s voice and our self control Rule governed behavior Problem solving Separate Facts from feelings Internalize motivation persistence, will power Breaking apart (analysis) and Recombining Information (Synthesis) SELF CONTROL - 5 MENTAL PROCESSES OCCURRING IN FRONTAL PART OF BRAIN

14. CAUSES OF ADHD(Current Evidence) • Deficiency in brain chemicals called neuro-transmitters (dopamine and nor epinephrine) • Lowered activity in certain brain regions • Lower Electrical Activity seen on EEG • Less Blood Flow to certain brain regions

15. PREVALENCE AND COURSE • Age of Onset: • Usually before age 7 • Before age 4 in about half of the cases, but frequently not recognized until child enters school • Prevalence: 5% of children (2 million US children, about 1-2 in an average 30 student classroom)

16. SEX RATIO Community: Hyperactive-Impulsive type : 3-4 males to 1 female Inattentive type - 2 males to 1 female Clinic: nine males to one female COURSE OF DISORDER 70-80% persistence through adolescence 30-70% into adulthood PREVALENCE AND COURSE

17. CORE DIFFICULTIES ADHD affects all aspects of the child’s life - emotional, social and academic • Difficulties in inhibiting impulses in social behavior and cognitive tasks • Difficulties getting along with others (poor socialization) • School underachievement • Poor self-esteem, secondary

18. Irritation, Impatience, Anger Embarrassment about feeling ineffective Confusion and Anxiety about Medication and Other Treatment Modalities COMMON FEELINGS FOR ADHD CHILDREN

19. RELATED DIFFICULTIES • 80% have academic performance problems • 25% are classified as having a learning disability • Higher rate of grade retention • Non-compliance and aggression: co-existing conditions - ODD, CD • Disturbances in Peer Relationships

20. EFFECT ON SCHOOL • Can’t sit still or concentrate • Finds most work boring • Does switch easily especially from less structure (recess) to more structure • Blurts out inappropriate remarks frequently RESULT: Underachievement

21. EFFECT ON HOME • Enigma to parent • Often the black sheep in family • Constant disruptions • Sibling Rivalry - Intense • High rate of negative interaction • Won’t let parent “parent” effectively RESULT: Maternal depression/lowered self esteem

22. Depression Stress-induced Anxiety States Biologically-based Anxiety Disorders Child Abuse and Neglect Bipolar Disorders Schizophrenia Other Medical Disorders ADHD Look-Alikes

23. Treatment Modalities • Medication • Social Skills Training • Behavior Modification • Parent-Child Education • Cognitive-Behavior Therapy • Individual,Family, Group Psychotherapy • Parent Skills/Management Training • School Based Considerations

24. SUMMARY • ADHD is a neurological condition • ADHD involves inattention, distractibility, impulsivity and sometimes hyperactivity • ADHD affects all aspects of life: social, emotional, and academic • There’s a wide range of treatment modalities. Medication is the most common treatment. A multi-modal treatment plan is the most effective.

25. SOURCES • All About Attention Deficit Disorder (Video) by Dr. Thomas Phelan • Slide Program by Dr. B. Vverberg, Psychiatrist, RAF, Lakenheath, England • Taking Charge of ADHD- The Complete Guide for Parents by Russell Barkley

26. We hope you have gained some additional knowledge from this short PowerPoint presentation. THANK YOU for your support of the students in the Bavaria District!Jan and John