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James Wilson Structural Option Senior Thesis Presentation 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

PricewaterhouseCoopers Building Oslo, Norway . James Wilson Structural Option Senior Thesis Presentation 2009 The Pennsylvania State University. Location. Presentation Outline. Introduction Existing Structural System Proposal Redesign of Gravity System

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James Wilson Structural Option Senior Thesis Presentation 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

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  1. PricewaterhouseCoopers Building Oslo, Norway James Wilson Structural Option Senior Thesis Presentation 2009 The Pennsylvania State University

  2. Location Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Bjørvika B10 A Oslo, Norway

  3. BARCODE Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Image Courtesy of Oslo S Utvikling AS Image Courtesy of Oslo S Utvikling AS

  4. Building Data Presentation Outline • Occupant: PricewaterhouseCoopers – Professional Services • Occupancy: Office building • Size: 150 000ft2 • Number of stories: 12 stories above grade 2 stories below grade • Cost: 300 mill NOK ≈ $43mill • Date of completion: November 2008 • Project delivery method: DBB with CM as agent • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  5. Spaces Presentation Outline 1 • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion 1 1st Floor Plan N Section 1-1 Display Room / Shops 154 Person Auditorium / Lobby Office / Conference Rooms Cafeteria / Outdoor Patio Vert. Transportation / Tech. Zone 9th Floor Plan N

  6. Thesis Goals Presentation Outline • Learn about Norwegian building construction Existing structural system • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Image Courtesy of Oslo S Utvikling AS

  7. Floor System Presentation Outline 4’ wide 11” deep + 2” Topping • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Precast Hollow Core Concrete Plank N

  8. Floor System Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion N Images Courtesy of Norsk Stålforbund and Betongelement foreningen

  9. Floor System Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion N Images Courtesy of Norsk Stålforbund and Betongelement foreningen

  10. Floor System Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion N Images Courtesy of Norsk Stålforbund and Betongelement foreningen

  11. Columns Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion N

  12. LFRS - Cast in Place Concrete Shear Walls Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion N

  13. Transfer Truss Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Ø323.9 x 6.3 273 x 16mm = 10.7 x .63 in Ø273 x 16 Ø273 x 16 323.9 x 6.3 mm = 12.75 x .63.25 in HSQ 56 HSQ 56 N

  14. Materials Presentation Outline Steel: • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Concrete:

  15. Proposal Presentation Outline Existing structural solution optimal for Oslo, Norway If the PwC building were located in the US it is likely design and construction methods would be different How would structural solutions change if the PwC Building were hypothetically relocated to Boston, MA? • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Image Courtesy of Oslo S Utvikling AS

  16. Proposal Presentation Outline Major variables: • Local labor and design expertise • Design codes • Local material availability • Talent pool of contractors • Design loads Goal: Produce a design suitable for an office building in the Boston area • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Image Courtesy of Oslo S Utvikling AS

  17. Redesign Presentation Outline Gravity System: • Composite concrete deck with composite steel beams and girders • In comparison to concrete plank, it provides more flexibility for future modifications because it is not limited by cutting of prestressed strands • Composite concrete deck is potentially lighter than concrete plank and therefore reduces seismic loads, yielding a more economic structure Lateral System: • Steel braced frames • Compatibility with steel framing the of proposed floor system • Allow for potential reduction in schedule due to the simultaneous construction of gravity and lateral system • Explore steel as an alternative to the existing concrete design • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Image Courtesy of Oslo S Utvikling AS

  18. Proposal Presentation Outline Considered, but not designed: • Transfer truss that allows for opening at the center of the façade • Connections • Structure of the auditorium • Substructure • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Image Courtesy of Oslo S Utvikling AS

  19. Relocation – Dorchester Ave. , Boston, MA Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Boston Image Courtesy of Oslo S Utvikling AS Arial images courtesy of Google Earth

  20. Framing Plan Presentation Outline • Beams span East-West direction • Beams spaced at 7.8ft • Columns kept at the same locations as existing design Beams @. 2.4m (7.8ft) spacing • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Deck Span 11.7m (38ft) 5 story opening in facade 4.7m (15ft) 5.8m (19.1ft) 21.2m (70ft) 31.2m (100ft) N

  21. Deck Design Presentation Outline Live Load: 80 psf SIMP Dead Load: 15psf Span: 7.8ft Results using United Steel Deck Manual: 20 gage 2” LOK– FLOOR composite deck 3.25” thk. Lightweight concrete slab Provides 2hr fire rating without the need for fireproofing WWF: 6 x 6 – W2.0 x2.0 reinforcing • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion 5.25”” 2” 12” 36” cover

  22. Beam / Girder Design Presentation Outline Composite or Non-composite? • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  23. Beam / Girder Design Criteria Presentation Outline • Strength – ASCE 7-05 sec2.3 LRFD load combinations: • 1. 1.4 Dead • 2. 1.2 Dead + 1.6Live + 0.5 Roof Live • 3. 1.2 Dead + 1.6 Roof Live + 0.5 Live • Serviceability - Deflection: • Composite: • Construction Dead Load……...…. l/360 • Post Composite Live Load…….... l/360 • Post Composite Superimposed .. l/240 • Net Total Load…………………..... l/240 • Economy – Camber • Do not camber: Beams less than 25ft • Beams that require less than 3/4” of camber • Beams in braced frames • No shoring • Member Depth limited to 14” • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  24. Beam / Girder Design Presentation Outline Optimal members were determined by RAM and checked with hand calculations Example– Typical Beam and Girder • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  25. Final Framing Plan Presentation Outline 3rd Floor Framing Plan • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion **Members which are part of the lateral system are not labeled

  26. Column Design Presentation Outline Perimeter columns resisting gravity loads only: Level 1-12: W10 Columns resisting gravity + lateral load: Level 1-12: W14 Columns Spliced every 2 stories • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  27. Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  28. Brace Location Study Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion • Braced frames at the perimeter • Bring technological • expression to facade Lobby / Auditorium – 1st and second floor Circulation – All floors 5 Story opening in facade

  29. Architectural Study Braced Frames at Perimeter Existing Existing Existing Existing Proposed Proposed Proposed Proposed

  30. Floor System Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Braced Frames at the core Lobby / Auditorium – 1st and second floor Circulation / Social Area – All floors 5 Story opening in facade

  31. ETABS Model - Preliminary Design Presentation Outline • Model of lateral system only was constructed in ETABS to determine optimal framing layout • Wind load application: • ASCE 7 – 05 – Analytical Procedure • Wind loads applied at the center of pressure of diaphragm at each level • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion L’’ L’’ L’ L’ Levels 5-12 L’’’ L’’’ L’ L’ L’’ L’’ Level s 1-4

  32. ETABS Model - Preliminary Design Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion • Seismic load application: • ASCE 7 – 05: Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure • Seismic loads applied at the center of mass at each level • = Center of Mass Levels 5-12 Level s 1-4

  33. Preliminary Design Results Presentation Outline Very large axial forces were induced in the columns towards the base of the structure due to the narrow shape of the core • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  34. Outriggers Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Braced Frames Lobby / Auditorium – 1st and second floor Circulation / Social area– All floors 5 Story opening in facade Moment Frames

  35. RAM Presentation Outline Members checked under combined loading in an integrated RAM model 1. 1.4(D + F) 2. 1.2(D + F + T ) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or S or R) 3. 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or S or R) + (L or 0.8W) 4. 1.2D + 1.6W + L + 0.5(Lr or S or R) 5. 1.2D + 1.0E + L + 0.2S 6. 0.9D + 1.6W + 1.6H 7. 0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  36. C D 12th floor 12th floor 12th floor 12th floor 5th floor 5th floor 5th floor 5th floor 3 4 5 6.8 7 8 9 1st floor 1st floor 1st floor 1st floor Elevation 3 Elevation 4 Elevation 5 Elevation 6.8 Elevation 4 Elevation 5 Elevation 6.8 Elevation 3

  37. C D 12th floor 12th floor 12th floor 12th floor 5th floor 5th floor 5th floor 5th floor 3 4 5 6.8 7 8 9 1st floor 1st floor 1st floor 1st floor Elevation 9 Elevation A Elevation 7 Elevation 8 Elevation 8 Elevation A Elevation 7 Elevation 9

  38. C D 12th floor 12th floor 5th floor 5th floor 3 4 5 6.8 7 8 9 1st floor 1st floor Elevation D Elevation C Elevation C Elevation D

  39. Drift and Torsion N Presentation Outline Building Deflection at 12th story: • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Wind – Larger deflection at south end Seismic – Larger deflection at North end ∆ = 2.7 in ∆ = 2.4 in ∆ = 1.5 in ∆ = 3.7 in Wind load from East Seismic load from East Tensional irregularity type 1a H / 400 = 4.38in > 3.7  OK ∆x < Cd ∆x / I ( ASCE7-05 sec 12.8-15) N N

  40. Foundations Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Concrete substructure acts as a base to distribute loads to pile foundations Outriggers help distribute loads to the perimeter

  41. Architecture Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Not disclosed on web Not disclosed on web • Elevator relocated • Duct shaft relocated • Wall increase from 11.8” to 15” • Elongated stairwell Proposed Design Existing Design

  42. Cost Comparison Summary: Cost comparison Presentation Outline Composite Concrete Deck vs. Precast Concrete Plank • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  43. Cost Comparison Summary: Schedule comparison Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Construction schedule for composite concrete deck and precast concrete plank created in Microsoft Project Results for Construction of structure : + Composite steel deck = 52 days + Precast Concrete Plank = 40 days 23% schedule reduction with use of precast plank

  44. Cost Comparison Summary: Conclusions – Gravity System Presentation Outline • Composite concrete deck on composite steel beams and girders is the most viable floor system for the PwC building if located in Boston • However, precast concrete plank has potential to be more economical due to cost saving incurred by reduction of construction schedule • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  45. Cost Comparison Summary: Conclusions – Lateral System Presentation Outline • An efficient steel lateral system was not achieved due to large axial forces in the columns induced by the narrow core • Given more time to explore alternative steel solutions ,a more economic steel result could likely be achieved • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  46. Cost Comparison Summary: Acknowledgements Presentation Outline I would like to thank the following for their generous support and assistance on this senior thesis: + Prof. M. Kevin Parfitt - Thesis Consultant +Pareto Investments - for granting me permission to use the PwC-building as the subject of this year long project. +All the Professors at The Pennsylvania State University - for their assistance over the past five years. + Friends and family - for their patients and support • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion

  47. Cost Comparison Summary: Questions?

  48. Outriggers Presentation Outline • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Members Braces = HSS10x10x.5 Beams = W18x86 Columns = W14x132  1/3 of deflection Δ = 9.2in Δ = 26.39in

  49. Next Step Presentation Outline C D • Introduction • Existing Structural System • Proposal • Redesign of Gravity System • Redesign of Lateral System • Breadth Study • Conclusion Moment Frames at the perimeter Special Steel Plate Shear Walls Braced frames Moment frames Reduce large axial forces at the core 3 4 5 6.8 7 8 9

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