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Resilience & Environmentalism. Environmentalism: The past, present, and future By Arunesh Ghosh & Ivan Yu. Environmentalism. Definition: Merriam Webster says:
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Resilience & Environmentalism Environmentalism: The past, present, and future By Arunesh Ghosh & Ivan Yu
Environmentalism Definition: Merriam Webster says: - Advocacy of the preservation, restoration, or improvement of the natural environment; especially: the movement to control pollution - Dynamic definition that is highly dependent on method
Concept of Sustainability “Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” (Pak 3) Utilitarian view "Its aim is not to pave every acre of the earth with cement, but to refit and reconfigure human civilization with the help of science and technology so that it can be better sustained by nature." (Pak 3)
Concept of Sustainability (Cont.) Arcadian View: “The battle we have fought,and are still fighting, for the forests (of the Sierra) is a part of the eternal conflict between right and wrong, and we cannot expect to see the end of it. ... The smallest forest reserve, and the first I ever heard of, was in the Garden of Eden; and though its boundaries were drawn by the Lord,and embraced only one tree, yet even so moderate a reserve as this was attacked”. (Pak 6) - John Muir
Environmental Sustainability Index - 1999-2005
Environmental Performance Index Published in 2002
Resilience Thinking - History C.S. Holling - Canadian ecologist, founder of Resilience Alliance - 1973 article
Resilience Thinking “The ability of a system to absorb disturbance and still retain its basic function and structure.” (Walker & Salt 1) Steps: 1. Have world perspective 2. Understand thresholds & adaptive cycles 3. Apply to real world
Resilience Thinking - Thresholds - Adaptive Cycle
Resilience Thinking In Practice Implementation in Ecosystem Vitality from EPI Three Main Features: 1. Ability of a system to absorb shocks 2. Ability of a system to self organize 3. Capacity for learning/adaptation
Conclusion - To address the ecological and economic challenges of tomorrow a more utilitarian approach in policy may be necessary - Incorporation of resilience thinking into decision making processes can help achieve more balance in future policy and subsequent development
Sources Armita, D., & Johnson, D. (2006). Can Resilience be Reconciled with Globalization and the Increasingly Complex Conditions of Resource Degradation in Asian Coastal Regions? Ecology & Society, 11(1), 46–64. Pak, M. S. (2011). Environmentalism Then and Now: From Fears to Opportunities, 1970- 2010†. Environmental science & technology. http://epi.yale.edu/epi2012/methodology