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Campus Martius / Pantheon. Mausoleum Augusti. Forum Augustum T. of Mars Ultor. Forum Iulium / T. of Venus Genetrix. Roman Forum. Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. Temple of Concord. Curia Iulia. Basilica Iulia. Milliarium Aureum. Temple of Castor & Pollux.
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Campus Martius / Pantheon Mausoleum Augusti Forum AugustumT. of Mars Ultor Forum Iulium / T. of Venus Genetrix Roman Forum
Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus Temple of Concord Curia Iulia Basilica Iulia MilliariumAureum Temple of Castor & Pollux Basilica Aemilia Rostra Arch of Augustus Temple of Divine Julius Temple of Vesta
Houses of Augustus & Livia Temple of Apollo Temple of Divine Julius, Temple of Vesta, Triple Arch of Augustus Baths of Agrippa Temple of Castorand Pollux Basilica Iulia Basilica Aemilia Roman Forum
Theater of Marcellus Portico/Theater of Pompey Diribitorium Baths of Agrippa Saepta Iulia Pool/Garden of Agrippa Pantheon
Pantheon AraPacis Horologium Mausoleum Augusti
Roman Empire, 14 CE PANNONIA
27 BCE: • 3000 praetorians, Rome • 6000 praetorians, Italy • 2 BCE: • 2 praetorian prefects • (1st c. CE relief • of praetorians,Louvre Museum) • Distribution of 25 legions and eight fleets by 14 CE: • 3 legions: Spain + fleet • 8 legions: Rhine + fleet • 7 legions: Danube + fleet • 4 legions: Syria + fleet • 2 legions: Egypt + fleet • 1 legion: Africa • Imperial fleets: Ravenna (Classe) Naples (Neapolis) Marseille (Massilia) 3 legions under Varus lost 9 CE PANNONIA • Ravenna CLIENT KINGDOMS CLIENT KINGDOMS
Roman Empire, 14 CE PANNONIA
Altar of the Lares(VicusSandalarius), 2 BCELares & Genius Augusti; corona civicaand priestly symbols
Top: Caesar Augustus (obv.), comet & divusIulius (rev.)Bottom: Imp Caesar divi f(ilius) (obv.), Temple of DivusIulius with comet in pediment
Belvedere Altar, 12-2 BCEAugustan religious ideology – cf. AraPacis, Prima Porta
Belvedere Altar, 12-2 BCE& Vergil’s two prophecies Aeneas, spear, oak (crown), sow (sacrifice), seer (Apollo?); AraPacis Apotheosis of Caesar: Apollo/Sun, Venus w. Gaius, Lucius, Augustus, Caesar in quadriga, Caelus (PrimaPorta) Victoria and ClupeusVirtutis Augustus, vicomagistriLares and 3 Vestals Verg. Aen. 3.390ff.: “When … by the waters of a secluded stream, you find a sow lying under the oaks on the shore, just delivered of a litter of 30 young, a white mother reclining on the ground, & white the young at her teats – there shall be the city’s site, there a sure rest from your toils” (Helenus to Aeneas) Verg. Aen. 1.286-290: “From this noble line shall be born the Trojan Caesar, who shall extend his empire to the ocean, his glory to the stars, a Julius, name descended from great Iulus!” (Jupiter to Venus, prophesying the arrival of both Julius Caesar and Augustus)
Imp(erator)IX, tr(ibunicia) po(testate)V = 19 BCE (obv.)Temple of Rom[a] et August[us], issued by the Asian mint (rev.)
Athenian Acropolis (reconstruction):Parthenon, Temple of Augustus and Roma
Roman Empire, 14 CE = Cologne PANNONIA