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Bird Vocab Quiz- Study Vocab !!!!. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Class Mammalia. SZ2- Students will explain the evolutionary history of animals over the geological history of Earth. Mammals evolved from early synapsid reptiles. Primitive Chordate.
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Kingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataSubphylum VertebrataClass Mammalia SZ2- Students will explain the evolutionary history of animals over the geological history of Earth. Mammals evolved from early synapsid reptiles
Amphibian Heart- 3 Chambers
Synapsids • Animals with one skull opening behind eye socket • Located in the temporal region
Pelycosaurs • Synapsid reptiles from Pennsylvanian and Permian • 300-245 MYA • Body close to ground • Legs away from body • Canine like teeth Dimetron
Therapsids • Before dinosaurs • Evidence suggests Mammals evolved from therapsids • Body raised off the ground • Limbs more under the body • Teeth differentiated into 3 types Lystrosaurus
Cynodonts “dog tooth” • Lumbar ribs reduced or absent • Well developed secondary palate • Lower jaw reduced to one bone Thrinaxodon Cynognathus
Transitional FossilThrinaxodon 250-245 mya Body divided into lumbar and thoracic regions
Transitional FossilCynognathus 245-230 mya May have been endothermic and gave birth to live young Smaller than a wolf
Molars, hair, glands Reduced ribs, 1 jaw bone Limbs under body, different types of teeth Canine like teeth Cladogram of Synapsids Cynodonts Mammals Therapsids Pelycosaurs Synapsid reptiles
Early Mammals • Triassic • 225 MYA • Small Megazostrodon
Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Mammalia • Have fur/hair • mammary glands • Viviparous- Give birth to live young (except monotremes) • Length of time in uterus - gestation period • Extended parental care • 4 chambered heart • endothermic
Mammalian Anatomical Adaptations • Muscular Diaphragm • Seven cervical(neck)vertebrae • Outer ear • Well developed brain- Largest cerebrum • Sweat glands • 6. Diphyodont teeth • Two sets • 7. Heterodont teeth • Different shapes and functions
Humans Reunite with Animals They Raised • http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/25929574/ns/today-today_pets_and_animals/t/hugging-lions-ex-owners-reflect-his-legacy/ • http://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/gorilla-reunites-with-the-man-who-raised-him-video.html
Mammal Classification • 14 major orders • Over 4,000 species • About half are rodents
Monotremes • “cloaca” • Lay eggs • Incubate 12 days • Lick milk from mothers fur • Transitional species • Ex. Echidna, duck-billed platypus
Marsupials • Pouched mammals • Birth to tiny embryo • Embryo attaches to mother’s nipple to complete development
Marsupials and Monotremes in Australia • Triassic Period • Mammals evolved • Pangea • Jurassic Period • Monotremes and marsupials migrated to southern pangea • Cretaceous Period • Pangea breaks up
Placental Mammals • Placenta nourishes embryo • Long gestation period • 22 months for elephant • Most successful group of mammals
Placental Mammals • Competitive advantage over monotremes and marsupials • Better nutrition from placenta • Less vulnerable to predators • More advanced at birth
Reptile Chorion Oxygen from air Amnion Provides private pond Yolk Sac Food for embryo Allantois Store urinary waste Mammal Chorion Form placenta to get oxygen & food from mothers blood Amnion Provides private pond Yolk sac Temporarily make RBCs Allantois Form umbilical cord Evolution of Placenta from Amniotic Egg
Placental: Order Insectivora • Sharp-snout • Small • Burrow underground • Eat insects
Order Chiroptera • Only Flying mammals • Elongated fingers • Echolocation • Ex. bats Importance- • Seed dispersal • Pollination • Control insects
Echolocation http://animal.discovery.com/videos/fooled-by-nature-bat-vs-underwing-moth.html http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/dolphins-and-porpoises/narwhals.html
Smallest Mammal • Kitti’s hog-nosed Bat • Bumble bee size • 1.5 grams
Order Xenarthra • Toothless or peg like teeth
Order Carnivora • Large canine teeth • Teeth adapted to shear flesh
Order Rodentia • Chisel-like incisor teeth • Continuously grow • Largest order