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The Structure & Dynamics Of Local Governments In USA

The Structure & Dynamics Of Local Governments In USA. Team Members Abdul Qayyum Haisum Rasool Muhammad Ali Shah Muhammad Sheraz Rafique. Some Facts.

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The Structure & Dynamics Of Local Governments In USA

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  1. The Structure & Dynamics Of Local Governments In USA Team Members Abdul Qayyum HaisumRasool Muhammad Ali Shah Muhammad SherazRafique

  2. Some Facts • USA have 2 levels of government above the local level- Government of 50 states- Federal National Government via Constitution of United States • Typically each state has two separate tiers:- Counties- Municipalities • Some states have further division of Counties into Townships • This division is based on & reflects the population density

  3. Just two more facts • There are special purpose local governments as well • 10th amendment to the US Constitution makes local government under state rather than federal government FYILocal government in the United States originated in the colonial period

  4. Categories of LocalGovernment in USA • County Governments • Town or Township Governments • Municipal Governments • Special-Purpose Local Governments FYI In India, they have only two:Panchayats & Municipalities

  5. County Governments • Backed by State Constitution & Statutes • All states are divided into counties for administrative purposes • Areas and cities withoutCounties operate under aMunicipal Government

  6. Township Governments • Backed by constitution & statutes of 20 states • Generally based on geographical subdivision of a county • For a defined area • Also formed merely because of historical circumstances

  7. Municipal Governments • Backed by states constitution & statutes • Provides general government for a defined area • Generally corresponding to apopulation center of a county • May be very small or very large FYI For 8 million people of New York City or for 38 residents of Village of Lazy Lake, Florida

  8. Special-Purpose Local Governments SCHOOL DISTRICTS • Provides public elementary, secondary, and/or higher education • Have sufficient administrative & fiscal autonomy SPECIAL DISTRICTS • Authorized by state to provide only one or a limited number of designated functions • “Districts”, “Boards”, “Commissions”, etc. • Maybe for an interstate compact also, serving areas of multiple states

  9. Some Examples of Individual States

  10. NEW YORK STATE • Counties • Cities • Towns • Villages • Separate entities for Schools& Fire Districts Selected by the residents & approved by the state; not by the population or area. • FYI • In total, the state has over 4,200 local governments

  11. CALIFORNIA • Can make ordinances (local laws) • 58 Counties • Only ONE Municipal Entity called “City” • Never had Villages & Townships • Thousands of Special Districts local governments

  12. Local Government’s Financial Dynamics REVENUE • Taxes • Directly from federal government • Insurance Trust • Loans • Charges from higher education institutions & hospitals EXPENDITURE • Education • Utility • Police & Fire Department • Interest on debt

  13. Summary of LG setup in USA • Financial Dynamics

  14. ACTIVITY TIME MINUTE DETAIL SCANNER Let’s test your ability of concentrating during lecture.

  15. Growing old is inevitable; growing up is optional.

  16. Thank you!

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