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Chapter 27 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II

Chapter 27 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II. Section 1: Early Difficulties Section 2: The Home Front Section 3: Victory in Europe Section 4: Victory in Asia. Section 1: Early Difficulties. Objectives:. What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied Powers and Axis Powers in 1941?

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Chapter 27 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II

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  1. Chapter 27 AMERICANS IN WORLD WAR II Section 1: Early Difficulties Section 2: The Home Front Section 3: Victory in Europe Section 4: Victory in Asia

  2. Section 1: Early Difficulties Objectives: • What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied Powers and Axis Powers in 1941? • What steps did the United States take to prepare for war? • Where did the Japanese military attack after Pearl Harbor? • What were the early turning points of the war in the Pacific? • What were the major battles in Europe and North Africa in 1942?

  3. SECTION 1 Early Difficulties Question: What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Allied and Axis Powers?

  4. SECTION 1 The Allied Powers The Axis Powers advantage: the United States had tremendous production capacity advantage: the Soviet Union had vast manpower advantage: Britain and the Soviet Union had not been defeated disadvantage: faced a long, drawn-out fight on several fronts disadvantage: enemy held firm control of conquered area spread over an enormous area—both in Europe and the Pacific advantage: better prepared for war advantage: had firm control over invaded areas advantage: had been rearmed since the 1930s advantage: already had airfields, barracks, and military training centers advantage: economies ready for war disadvantage: had to defend multiple fronts Early Difficulties THE ALLIED AND AXIS POWERS–STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

  5. Section 1: Early Difficulties U.S. preparations for war • increased production: agriculture and industry • expanded the government: numbers and authority • began to direct the economy • Equip and feed American Army and assist allies • Public sector economic direction • began to raise the army

  6. Section 1: Early Difficulties U.S. preparations for war: continued • War Production Board: Direct conversion of civilian industries to serve military • No cars built from 1942-1945 • Limits placed on cloth in clothing (pleats and cuffs outlawed) • Office of Price Administration • Scarcity created by war demand for goods could cause inflation • Goods rationed • Gasoline • Sugar • Meat coffee canned goods

  7. What is the message of these propaganda posters?

  8. Section 1: Early Difficulties U.S. preparations for war: raising an army • Selective Training and Service Act • 2/3 of all soldiers serving were draftees • 21-35 (later expanded to 18-45) • Began in summer of 1940 (over a year before Pearl Harbor) • Army needed to grow over 50X to fight the war!

  9. American Strategy In World War II • Europe First • Concentrate military resources on European Theatre • Keep Britain in the war- Win Battle of Atlantic • Caution in opening a second front in Europe (North African Campaign begins in November 1942 • Stop Japanese offensive • Protect Australia, New Guinea and Pacific perimeter

  10. Section 1: Early Difficulties Japanese attacks after Pearl Harbor • Clark Air force Base in the Philippines • (America’s Far-East Fleet) • Burma and Hong Kong • Center’s of British power in the Pacific • the Netherlands East Indies • Oil resources Japan needed • Wake Island

  11. The Bataan Death March • Army of 70,000 Americans and Filipinos surrender- Largest surrender of the war • Forced to march without food or water • Those who fell behind or stopped for water were shot • Estimated 5000-11,000 did not live to finish the march

  12. Japan and prisoners of War • 1/3 of all American POWs dies or were killed by Japanese captors • Japanese looked on surrendering troops as sub-human • Japanese did not follow Geneva Convention

  13. Section 1: Early Difficulties Early turning points of war in Pacific • Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942) • Stopped Japanese advance on Australia • Offset bitterness of losses: Pearl Harbor, Bataan • Battle of Midway • First clear naval victory over Japan • Weakened Japanese force in Pacific • Guadalcanal (August-October 1942) • First offensive in Pacific • Tide turns in Pacific War

  14. Section 1: Early Difficulties Major battles of 1942 in Europe and North Africa • Battle of El Alamein • British stop German drive to Suez Canal and Mid-East oil • Battle of Stalingrad • Soviets stop German drive to Soviet oil fields-end of German drive against USSR (BARBAROSSA) • Battle of the Atlantic April 1941- Keep Britain supplied • America’s first offensive in Europe: Operation Torch November 1942

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