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Energy – a balancing act

Energy – a balancing act. Sarah Schenker Nutrition Scientist Georgine Leung Nutrition Scientist 16 th June 2010. Overview. What is energy? Energy balance: In vs. Out. What is energy?. The power to do work, or produce heat or light. Measured in kilojoules (kJ) or megajoules (MJ).

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Energy – a balancing act

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  1. Energy – a balancing act Sarah Schenker Nutrition Scientist Georgine Leung Nutrition Scientist 16th June 2010

  2. Overview • What is energy? • Energy balance: In vs. Out

  3. What is energy? • The power to do work, or produce heat or light. • Measured in kilojoules (kJ) or megajoules (MJ). 1kJ = 1000J 1MJ = 1000kJ 1kcal = 4.18kJ

  4. Energy from food Macronutrients: Carbohydrate (16kJ/g) Protein (17kJ/g) Fat (37kJ/g)

  5. Alcohol? 1 gram of alcohol provides 29kJ.

  6. Nutrient contribution to energy

  7. Energy intakes • Estimated Average Requirements (EARs)

  8. Question If we include alcohol in our diet, provision of energy from which macronutrient should decrease?

  9. Energy needs vary • Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - Age - Sex - Body size/composition • Level of physical activity

  10. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) • Rate of energy use to maintain basic functions of the body. • Accounts for 75% of an individual’s energy needs. • Men usually have a higher BMR than women.

  11. Physical activity levels (PAL) • Intensity and duration. • Children and young people: at least 60 mins (every day). • With activities for bone strength, muscle strength and flexibility. • Adults: at least 30 mins (5 times per week). Energy expenditure = BMR x PAL

  12. Why do men have higher BMRs? • Men tend to have more muscle. • Men tend to be bigger. • Both of the above. • Men tend to be more active. • All of the above.

  13. Key stages in life Children Adults Adolescents Older adults

  14. Energy in Food and drinks Energy out Activity Energy balance

  15. How much activity? Walking the dog Swimming Watching TV Running

  16. Energy out Activity Energy in Food and drinks Positive energy balance

  17. Being overweight and obese increases risk of: • certain cancers; • heart disease; • Stroke; • Type 2 Diabetes.

  18. Energy in Food and drinks Energy out Activity Negative energy balance

  19. Being underweight increases risk of: • hair loss; • dry, patchy skin; • weakened immune system; • osteoporosis; • infertility; • heart failure.

  20. Monitoring energy balance • It is very important to achieve a healthy weight • Body Mass Index (BMI) = weight (kg) . height (m) x height (m) Recommended BMI range (kg/m2) Underweight less than 18.5 Normal 18.5 - less than 25 Overweight 25 - less than 30 Obese 30 - 40 Very obese over 40

  21. How balanced are we? How many people in the UK are overweight or obese? (Please express your answers in percentage.)

  22. BNF is grateful for financial support from the Agricultural and Horticultural Development Board to enable us to develop these eSeminars. For further information, go to:www.nutrition.org.ukwww.foodafactoflife.org.uk

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