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Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Echinodermata. Phylum Echinodermata (spiny skin). Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers Pentamerous radial symmetry Oral/aboral sides (anus), no brains Endoskeleton Water vascular system that extends to muscular tube feet (madreporite pulls in H2O)

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Phylum Echinodermata

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  1. Phylum Echinodermata

  2. Phylum Echinodermata (spiny skin) • Sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers • Pentamerous radial symmetry • Oral/aboral sides (anus), no brains • Endoskeleton • Water vascular system that extends to muscular tube feet (madreporite pulls in H2O) • Tube feet end w/ sucker for attachment, movement and receiving stimuli

  3. Sea Stars/Starfish • Five arms from a central disk usually • 100’s tube feet in ambulacral grooves, slow moving, gas exchange • Endoskeleton made of interconnected CaCO3 plates for flexibility • Spines like mini-pincers (pedicellariae)

  4. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A100m5EpfFI

  5. Nervous System • Nerve net similar to cnidarians (no brain) • Coordinates movement of tube feet and spines • More complex behavior • Rightning of body • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44iw5FvYb7s

  6. Feeding and Digestion • If prey is bigger than mouth, flip stomach outwards and release digestive enzymes • Prey on bivalves, gastropods, barnacles

  7. Reproduction (Sexual) • Timed spawning (Sexual) • Larvae are bilaterally symmetrical

  8. Reproduction (Asexual) • Can separate central disk or body into two pieces (sea stars, brittle stars, sea cucumber) • Regeneration- ability to grow lost or damaged body parts • Needs part of central disk in most cases

  9. Sunflower star • Up to 24 arms • Moves at 1m/min • 15,000 tube feet!

  10. Brittle Stars • 5 arms, longer, flexible, sharply demarcated from central disk • Tube feet without suckers • Lack anus

  11. Feather Stars

  12. Crown of Thorns Starfish • Menace to coral reefs • One of the poisonous varieties of echinoderm

  13. Sea Urchins • Round, rigid endoskeleton (test), movable spines, pincers, tube feet along body • Mouth on bottom (Aristotle’s lantern), anus on top • Feed on seaweeds, detritus • Sand dollars have flat bodies, short spines • Deposit feeders

  14. Sea Cucumbers • No spines, no test (calcareous spicules only) • Elongated body plan • 5 rows tube feet extending from mouthanus • Deposit feeders- feeds on organic matter • Burrow often

  15. Defense: discharge sticky, sometimes toxic, substance. Some expel organs from mouth/anus to distract (evisceration) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXf_YodWw40

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