1 / 27

Phylum Echinodermata

Phylum Echinodermata. Greek “ echinos ” spiny “derma” skin. 560 million years ago. Cnidarians and Poriferans 2 cell layers no mesoderm no organs Echinoderms 3 cell layers mesoderm= coelomates organs. Main Charcteristics. Radial symmetry: PENTARADIAL

murray
Download Presentation

Phylum Echinodermata

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Phylum Echinodermata

  2. Greek “echinos” spiny “derma” skin

  3. 560 million years ago

  4. Cnidarians and Poriferans2 cell layers no mesoderm no organs Echinoderms 3 cell layers mesoderm=coelomates organs

  5. Main Charcteristics • Radial symmetry: PENTARADIAL • Bilateral in free swimming embryonic stages • 200 arms Comanthina schlegelii • Rare species have 6 arms

  6. Skeleton • endoskeleton made of tiny calcareous plates and spines (OSSICLES) • Acts like exoskeleton but its NOT! always contained within a layer of living tissue • Mutable Connective Tissue (MCT) :has special ability to be converted from stiff to soft in an instant

  7. Water Vascular System • Hydraulic network of fluid-filled canals • Water enters the MADREPORITE • Very powerful, but slow • Gas exchange • Feeding • Locomotion

  8. Respiration • Bumps and spines let in oxygen • Skin is very thin: oxygen can diffuse in from the surrounding water

  9. Decentralized Nervous System • No brain • Nerve ring surrounding the gut • Radial nerves run under the ambulacra • Sensory neurons are located primarily within the ectoderm of podia

  10. Reproduction • External Fertilization • Separate sexes • Reproductive organs in each arm • Some species brood their young • 100,000,000 eggs at once

  11. Asexual Reproduction • Fission of body parts • Regeneration: spines, arms, intestines

  12. A • CHARACTERISTIC • CHARACTERISTIC • CHARACTERISTIC • SPECIES • A. DESCRIPTION • B. WHERE FOUND • C. COLOR/SHAPE 3 4 2 B ASTEROIDEA 1 C CRINOIDEA ECHINODERMS ECHINOIDEA OPHIUROIDEA HOLOTHUROIDEA

  13. Classification • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Echinodermata • Class Asteroidea • Class Echinoidea • Class Holothuroidea • Class Ophiuroidea • Class Crinoidea

  14. Asteroidea “SEA STARS” • Mostly benthic carnivores • Eye spots: end of each arm. • Tube feet have suckers, which chemically adhere to the substrate. Another chemical bond is secreted to release the tube feet.

  15. Pedicellariae- • Keep animal free from encrusting organisms • May contain toxins • Protect the papulae: skin gills

  16. Feeding • Some may use pedicellariae to aid in food capture • Evert stomach and secrete primary enzymes on the prey. • The digestive juices break down the tissue of the prey, which the asteroids then suck up. • http://www.pbs.org/kcet/shapeoflife/episodes/ulti_explo2.html

  17. Echinoidea “SEA URCHINS & SAND DOLLARS” • Ossicles overlap and are fused into test • Urchins also have pedicellariae • “Urchin Barren”-destruction of kelp beds by unchecked urchins

  18. Feeding • Grazers: algae • Powerful chewing apparatus called the Aristotle's lantern- five jaws • http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/facilities/multimedia/uploads/zoology/Aristotle.swf

  19. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/invertebrates-animals/other-invertebrates/sea_urchin_breeding.htmlhttp://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/invertebrates-animals/other-invertebrates/sea_urchin_breeding.html

  20. Holothiuroidea “SEA CUCUMBERS” • Branching tentacles surround the mouth • Respiratory trees near anus • Suspension/deposit feeders • They cycle up to 90% benthic biomass in ocean • Defense: skin secretes toxins and they can expel organs (autotomicevisceration) • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/kids/animals-pets-kids/invertebrates-kids/sea-cucumber-kids.html

  21. Ophiuroidea “ BRITTLE & BASKET STARS” • Move quickly moving arms • Arms are long, slender, and flexible • Ability to autotomize: spontaneous casting of limb • No suckers on tube feet-some have mucus to help them stick to things and capture prey • Five jaws

  22. Crinoidea “FEATHER STARS & SEA LILIES” • Most live in deep sea • Feather Stars: some are free swimming • Sea Lillies: most are sessile- only attached suspension-feeding echinoderms • Cirri used to attach or grab substrate • Brood their young • http://encarta.msn.com/media_461543142/feather_star.html

  23. Feeding • Filter Feeders (mostly deep sea OM) • Cirri used to attach or grab substrate

More Related