Kingdom Plantae

1. Kingdom Plantae

2. Essential Question Would life on Earth exist without plants? Objectives Explain what a plant is Describe what plants need to survive Describe how the first plants evolved What We’re Learning

3. Classifying Plants • Domain: Eukarya • Kingdom: Plantae • Cell type: Eukaryote • Cell structure: Cell wall with cellulose, chloroplasts • Cell number: Multicellular • Mode of reproduction: Sexual, Asexual • Mode of nutrition: Autotrophs • Habitat: Live almost anywhere in any climate; in water, on land, desert, rainforest, arctic, etc. • Examples: mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms

4. Floweringplants Cone-bearingplants Ferns andtheir relatives Flowers; SeedsEnclosed in Fruit Mosses andtheir relatives Seeds Water-Conducting(Vascular) Tissue Green algaeancestor

5. Characteristics of All Plants • Carry out Photosynthesis. • Need for Survival… • Sunlight • Water and Minerals • Gas exchange (Carbon Dioxide) • Movement of water and nutrients

6. 4 groups of Plantae 1. Bryophyta- mosses, short, no vasculartissue, get water by osmosis 2. Seedless vascular plants— ferns, xylem & phloem move fluids, life cycle includes spores 3. Gymnosperms- conifers, naked seeds on cones 4. Angiosperms- flowering plants, enclosed seeds in ovary, largest group & most diverse group

7. Bryophyta - mosses Seedless vascular - ferns Angiosperm - have flowers Gymnosperm- have cones

8. Cone-bearing plants760 species Floweringplants235,000 species Ferns andtheir relatives11,000 species Mosses andtheir relatives15,600 species

9. Angiosperms • Can be divided as: • Monocot vs. dicot • Woody vs. herbaceous • Annuals, biennials, perennials

10. Monocots Dicots Single cotyledon Two cotyledons Parallel veins Branched veins Floral parts often in multiples of 3 Floral parts often in multiplesof 4 or 5 Vascularbundlesscattered throughout stem Vascularbundlesarranged ina ring Fibrous roots Taproot Seeds Leaves Flowers Stems Roots

11. Roots, Stems, & Leaves • Roots: absorb water, anchor plant • Stems: make leaves, support system, transport system • Leaves: photosynthesis, gas exchange, transpiration

12. Vascular Tissue • Transports fluids and nutrients • Xylem- carries water roots to leaves • Remember WXYZ • W=water • XY=xylem • Z=‘xylem’ pronounced ‘zylem’ • Phloem- carries food, (phf), leaves to root • Remember Ph  f, ‘food’

14. Reproduction • Gymnosperms • male pollen cones • female seed cones • Seeds are reproductive organs

15. Angiosperm Reproduction • Pollen lands on stigma, sends pollen tube to ovary • Male gametophyte fertilizes female gametophyte, embryo forms • Embryo is protected by ovary - becomes a fruit • Endosperm forms from polar bodies in ovary and 2nd male gametophyte in pollen

16. Stamen Carpel Stigma Anther Style Filament Ovary Petal Ovule Sepal

17. Seed Dispersal • Wind & water scatter seeds • Animals eating fruit

18. Other facts • Seeds can remain dormant until conditions are right for germination. • Plants can reproduce by growth of plantlets, cuttings, and grafting

19. Plant Responses and Adaptations • Tropisms are responses to external stimuli—gravity, & touch, light—phototropism • Plants have adapted to all types of conditions—water, salt, deserts, cold, etc.