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The War at Sea

The War at Sea. By Mark Fung, Evan Locke, Samira Delibegovic, Johnson Luu Amanda Daugherty. Introduction to the War at sea.

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The War at Sea

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  1. The War at Sea By Mark Fung, Evan Locke, Samira Delibegovic, Johnson Luu Amanda Daugherty

  2. Introduction to the War at sea The war at sea was mainly fought in the waters of Europe. There were not many naval battles, and only one full scale clash of battleships. Britain and Germany were competing for the largest navy, which led to many improvements to the existing fleets. From 1914 to 1916 the battles at sea were small and didn’t do much damage.

  3. What did Canada do? • Britain fears that Germany’s navy will be greater than theirs • They call upon Canada to support • Canada goes to war when Britain does • Created small attacking force to support Britain’s massive fleet • Borrowed money from different provinces to create 2 dreadnaughts (battleships) • Canada signed over use of navy when motherland needed to be protected • Had trouble getting money from French Canada • French Canadians thought they weren’t responsible Offensive or Defensive • Protecting homeland • Felt responsible to kingdom • Built navy to support • Never sent directly to battle from Canada

  4. The battle of Jutland This battle took place on the 31st of May, 1916 and the 1st of June,1916 in the north sea near Jutland, Denmark. It was the biggest naval battle in the war. The battle was against the Germans who were lead by Vice Admiral ReinhardScheer and the British royal navy's grand fleet was lead by Admiral Sir John Jellicoe.

  5. The battle 3:30 pm: Beatty spots Hipper’sbattlecrusiers. Hippper turns around hoping to lure Beatty towards Von Scheer. 3:48 pm: Beatty and Hipper opens fire. 4:40 pm:Beatty see Von Scheer’sfleet in a distance, so he turns around to escape. At the same time he was setting a trap by leading the Germans to Jellicoe. 6:05 pm:Jellicoe see Beatty and the Germans heading towards him. 6:15 pm: Jellicoe opens fire on the Germans. 6:30 pm: Von Scheerturns around to escape. 7:10 pm: For unexplained reasons, Von Sheer turns back straight into the British fleet. He was unsuccessful because he could only use the forward guns while the British could fire heavily at the Germans with all of their boats at the same time. 7:19 pm: Realizing that he will lose, Von Sheer turns away for the second time while firing torpedoes on the British fleet as a desperate gamble. 7:21 pm: Jellicoe saw the torpedoes and decided to turn away because he believed that the Germans had developed torpedoes that left no trail of surface bubbles as they moved through the water and so would be undetectable. He could have followed the Germans to inflict more damage. He was later criticised for turning away 8:00pm: As night falls, both fleets is returning to their home ports. Map showing the location of the battle of Jutland in 1916.

  6. Technologies Used Dreadnoughts • launched in 1906 • most heavily-armed ship in WWI(12 inch guns, faster and more accurate long distance fire, 28cm thick armour , 5 torpedo tubes) • faster than any other warships in WWI because they used steam turbines • crew of over 800 men • in 1915, 5 super-dreadnoughts were introduced in Britain that were even more armed than other dreadnoughts (15 inch guns and larger firing range) • all 5 of them survived WWI and were modified and served in WWII A painting of the HMS Dreadnought, 1906

  7. Battleships • First battleship completed in 1863 • Idea was to mount the largest naval guns available at the time • By 1898, battleships became slow moving gun platforms • In the early 20th century, battleships had steel armours and revolving torrents with range over 100,000 metres • Seemed tiny compared to dreadnoughts Battlecruisers • Almost the same as a battleship, except its faster, lighter and has less armour • sacrificed armour protection in exchange for speed • used to provide a fast and hard-hitting addition to a battleship fleet • idea was that it would be able to outgun anything smaller than themselves, and run away from anything larger

  8. Torpedo Boats • fast, light surface craft designed to carry torpedoes to battles • an inexpensive fleet of torpedo boats could defend against much larger and more expensive fleets and could overwhelm a larger ship's ability to fight them off Destroyers • first called torpedo boat destroyers because it was designed to fight against, you guessed it, torpedo boats • usually a number of them operated together • also used to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group

  9. Submarines • the first royal navy submarine was launched in 1902 • Germany started to modify them with weapons • in 1913, Germany produced its first diesel-powered UnterseeBoot(U-boat) • slow, fragile, and only able to dive for only a couple of hours at a time • equipped with 5 or 6 torpedo tubes, 16 cm guns and mine-laying equipment • able to dive 30-75 metres, go 18 knots (surface) and 8.5 knots (submerged) • only 20- 40 crew members A photograph of the German U-boat #20 (U-20), the infamous submarine that sunk Lusitania. May 1915

  10. Naval mines • used to defend coasts, coastal shipping, ports and naval bases around the globe • very useful against U-boats Other Technologies • radio was a new technology and sonarwas introduced at the end of the war • oilwas also starting to replace coal because it made the ships go faster and produced less smoke A mine detonation that shows how dangerous the naval mines are.

  11. Challenges they faced German U-boats • very slow, even on the surface and barley faster than merchant boats • light gun garment ineffective against larger vessels • main weapon is to attack without warning with torpedoes and made it hard to avoid harming neutrals • can only stay below for a short time • the convoy system • naval mines and depth charges • hard to locate enemy British Vessels • U-boats • Fog • Bad weather • Weapons are hard to aim • Also hard to locate enemy

  12. Key Figure - Admiral Sir John Jellicoe • John Jellicoe - best known British naval commander of WWI • Commanded the fleet at the battle of Jutland • Born on December 5 1859 in Southampton • He was the son of the merchant navy captain • Entered Royal Navy as a cadet in 1872 • Jellicoe served as director of naval ordnance (1905-1907) • Jellicoe's skills were put to the test in 1916 during the battle of Jutland • The end of 1916 Jellicoe became the first sea lord • Also became professional leader of the Royal Navy • Appointed as governor general of New Zealand in 1920 • Died on 20 November 1935.

  13. Outcome of the battle • Neither side won because they both retreated • Also, neither side gained much from this battle  • Killed=2,551 • Wounded=507 • Killed=6,094 • Wounded=674 • Captured=177

  14. Total ships lost at sea in WWI

  15. How was this significant for Canada? • During world war one the British navy would run out of supplies. • The Canadian armed forces would transport supplies by boats for the British. • The supply boat was surrounded by other attack boats. • The problem was the Supply boats would be attacked by German ships.

  16. How was Canada perceived? • Canada only had few ships • Seen part of Britain’s navy • Bystander to Britain’s plans • Less than 10 ships/submarines

  17. Lusitania The RMS Lusitania was an Ocean Liner, it was also the biggest ship in 1907. It was based in England and was sunk by a German U-boat because of unrestricted submarine warfare (German U-boats firing at everything and not obeying the cruiser rules ). 128 American died as a result. It can be seen as a turning point because it was the reason that led the United States to declare war on Germany. A photograph of the RMS Lusitania in a dry dock in Liverpool. 1915

  18. First-hand Accounts German authorities warned the Lusitania that it would be crossing the war zone to reach Liverpool. May 1915 A 1915 New York Times headline article on the sinking of Lusitania.

  19. What was the convoy system? The Convoy System was introduced by the Royal Navy in 1917, it is a naval escort protecting and guarding groups of ships as they crossed to Britain or Russia. They had to be guarded because of unrestricted submarine warfare by the German U-boats. They not only protected them on the surface of the ocean, they also dropped dept changes where German U-boats operated. An example of the convoy system. 1917

  20. A map showing the Allies' convoy system in 1917.

  21. Works Cited • "Convoy System." The National Archives. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/firstworldwar/military_conflict/p_convoy.h tm>. • Fielding, John, and Rosemary Evans. Canada: Our Century, Our Story. Scarborough, Ont.: Nelson Thomson Learning, 2001. 71. Print. • Lusitania. Photograph. Lusitania. Ed. Haws' Merchant Fleets, Bonsor's North Atlantic Seaway, and Williams' Wartime Disasters at Sea. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.greatships.net/lusitania.html>. • Peterson, Terry. "World War I Convoys." Map. Jefferson Elementary. Mesa Public Schools, 30 July 2010. Web. 04 Oct. 2011. <http://www.mpsaz.org/jefferson/staff/tepeterson/social_studies/history_maps/world_war s/>. • Simkin, John. "First World War: War at Sea." Spartacus Educational. Spartacus Educational. Web. 01 Oct. 2011. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWsea.htm>. • "Submarine Warfare in World War I." Web. 03 Oct. 2011. <http://www.cityofart.net/bship/u_boat.html>. • Turner, Timothy PD. "RMS LUSITANIA." RMS Titanic - Ship of Dreams - Award Winning Educational Site. Timothy PD Turner, 2006. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.titanicandco.com/lusitania.html>.

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