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AN-NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Energy Out of Sludge Prepared by: Rana Hanbali Malak Abdallah Yasmeen Awad Submitted to: Dr: Ramez Khaledi Dr: Nashaat Nassar
Outline: • Introduction. • Literature review. • Objective. • Constrains and standards. • Methodology. • Results and analysis. • Discussion. • Conclusion and recommendation.
Introduction: • Waste water station in Nablus is a against the issue of accumulating amount of sludge in addition to the large expenses of electricity. • Energy out of sludge is a proposed solution for The Waste Water Station Treatment in Nablus, after a thoroughly that indicated for the suitability of gasification.
Introduction: • Objectives • To prove the effectiveness of Gasification for sludge in Nablus. • Finding a clean source of energy for the sustainability of the Station.
Litreture review: • What is Gasification? • The gasification process is a cycle where hot char residue is contacted with moist sludge followed by drying and gasification • The operation of a gasifier is highly dependent on its classification: • 1-Fixed-bed • 2-Fluidized Bed • 3-Plasma Gasification
Constrains and standards: • The lack of access to science laboratories with modern equipments for analyzing materials and gases. • Lack of place for the operation of the device. • The standard that was used is Environmental • Protection Agency (EPA).
Methodology: • Down draft Gasifier: • A compact, simple and easy to fabricate design. • Producing high quality gas. • It’s suitable for power and thermal applications.
Methodology: Characteristic of Gasifier Design : • The drum for satisfying the idea of Gas contamination. • Stainless steel is the obvious choice for the inner tube. • Inside the stainless steel tube the sludge can lead itself to ignition and producing gas. • The usage of coal was to ignite without any risk or turning off. • The small bung on the drum will be the gas outlet.
Methodology: • Steps of making the in house built Gasifier
Methodology: • Materials: • Sludge dry sample from the waste water station • Steel for the drum • Tube made of Stainless steel • J- Tubes made of Cupper • Compressor for providing oxygen • Gasket for sealing the device and keeping inside pressure
Methodology: All parts constructed together
Results and analysis: Conditions of Trails: • Drying the feed stock to the appropriate moisture content between 10 – 20%. • The compressor was turned on at 90 psi (9 bar). • The gasifier kept on working for 2.5 hours.
Results and analysis : Primary trials: By product Heavy Gas appearance
Results and analysis : Experiment after adjustment: • 1 kilo gram of sludge was used. • It took 30 minutes to start producing pure air. • The gas production took about 3 hours before stopping.
Results and analysis : The calculation of the energy: • The weight of the sample sludge = 0.5kg. • Time needed to start producing gas = 14 minuit. • 0.5kg of sludge can heat 15 liter water and boils it in 66 minutes.
Disscution: • “Tar” is the material in the product stream that is condensable in the gasifier or in downstream processing steps or conversion devices. • (The organics produced under thermal or partial-oxidation regimes (gasification) of any organic material are called “tars” and are generally assumed to be largely aromatic).
Conclusions and Recommendations: • This project is the first couple of steps towards reaching the main objectives. • Gasification is capable of providing a clean and manageable process with the possibility of net energy gains • There was no specific analysis of the emission gas in addition to the combustible gas. • A suggested syngas cleanup system to be added to the device in order to preserve the environment from pollution .
