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This project explores generating clean energy from sludge gasification at the Waste Water Station in Nablus, addressing the issues of sludge accumulation and high electricity costs. The study focuses on the effectiveness of gasification to find a sustainable energy source for the station. The literature review covers gasification processes, including fixed-bed, fluidized bed, and plasma gasification. Constraints include limited access to modern laboratories and lack of operational space. The methodology involves a down draft gasifier design using stainless steel tubes to produce high-quality gas for power and thermal applications. Results show successful gas production and energy calculations. The discussion delves into tar production and emissions, suggesting a syngas cleanup system for environmental protection. In conclusion, gasification shows promise for clean energy production, emphasizing the need for further research and development.
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AN-NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Energy Out of Sludge Prepared by: Rana Hanbali Malak Abdallah Yasmeen Awad Submitted to: Dr: Ramez Khaledi Dr: Nashaat Nassar
Outline: • Introduction. • Literature review. • Objective. • Constrains and standards. • Methodology. • Results and analysis. • Discussion. • Conclusion and recommendation.
Introduction: • Waste water station in Nablus is a against the issue of accumulating amount of sludge in addition to the large expenses of electricity. • Energy out of sludge is a proposed solution for The Waste Water Station Treatment in Nablus, after a thoroughly that indicated for the suitability of gasification.
Introduction: • Objectives • To prove the effectiveness of Gasification for sludge in Nablus. • Finding a clean source of energy for the sustainability of the Station.
Litreture review: • What is Gasification? • The gasification process is a cycle where hot char residue is contacted with moist sludge followed by drying and gasification • The operation of a gasifier is highly dependent on its classification: • 1-Fixed-bed • 2-Fluidized Bed • 3-Plasma Gasification
Constrains and standards: • The lack of access to science laboratories with modern equipments for analyzing materials and gases. • Lack of place for the operation of the device. • The standard that was used is Environmental • Protection Agency (EPA).
Methodology: • Down draft Gasifier: • A compact, simple and easy to fabricate design. • Producing high quality gas. • It’s suitable for power and thermal applications.
Methodology: Characteristic of Gasifier Design : • The drum for satisfying the idea of Gas contamination. • Stainless steel is the obvious choice for the inner tube. • Inside the stainless steel tube the sludge can lead itself to ignition and producing gas. • The usage of coal was to ignite without any risk or turning off. • The small bung on the drum will be the gas outlet.
Methodology: • Steps of making the in house built Gasifier
Methodology: • Materials: • Sludge dry sample from the waste water station • Steel for the drum • Tube made of Stainless steel • J- Tubes made of Cupper • Compressor for providing oxygen • Gasket for sealing the device and keeping inside pressure
Methodology: All parts constructed together
Results and analysis: Conditions of Trails: • Drying the feed stock to the appropriate moisture content between 10 – 20%. • The compressor was turned on at 90 psi (9 bar). • The gasifier kept on working for 2.5 hours.
Results and analysis : Primary trials: By product Heavy Gas appearance
Results and analysis : Experiment after adjustment: • 1 kilo gram of sludge was used. • It took 30 minutes to start producing pure air. • The gas production took about 3 hours before stopping.
Results and analysis : The calculation of the energy: • The weight of the sample sludge = 0.5kg. • Time needed to start producing gas = 14 minuit. • 0.5kg of sludge can heat 15 liter water and boils it in 66 minutes.
Disscution: • “Tar” is the material in the product stream that is condensable in the gasifier or in downstream processing steps or conversion devices. • (The organics produced under thermal or partial-oxidation regimes (gasification) of any organic material are called “tars” and are generally assumed to be largely aromatic).
Conclusions and Recommendations: • This project is the first couple of steps towards reaching the main objectives. • Gasification is capable of providing a clean and manageable process with the possibility of net energy gains • There was no specific analysis of the emission gas in addition to the combustible gas. • A suggested syngas cleanup system to be added to the device in order to preserve the environment from pollution .
