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The Periodic Table of the Elements

Learn about the elements, their properties, and how they combine to form different substances. Discover the history and importance of the periodic table.

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The Periodic Table of the Elements

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  1. The Periodic Table of the Elements

  2. ELEMENTS

  3. ELEMENTS

  4. ELEMENTS

  5. Element Notes • Elements are the basic substance from which all matter is made.

  6. Element Notes • An element is a basic substance that cannot be broken down during chemical reactions.

  7. Element Notes • There are 90 naturally occurring elements, and 25 synthetic (man made) elements on Earth. Most are not in their pure form.

  8. Element Notes Elements combine to make all the substances on Earth.

  9. Element Notes • All elements have properties.

  10. Element Notes • Elements can combine to form different substances with properties different than the elements from which they are made. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mx5JJWI2aaw • Na + Cl  NaCl • + =

  11. Element Notes • Some elements are common, some elements are rare.

  12. Element Notes • The periodic table of elements displays all of the naturally occurring and synthesized (man-made)elements.

  13. Element Notes Each element has a name and is represented by a one or two letter symbol in the table. The first letter is always capitalized; the second letter is always lower case.

  14. Element Notes Some of the elements have a single letter for a symbol. The single letter is ALWAYS capitalized. These are generally the very common ones such as oxygen, hydrogen or carbon.

  15. Elements • Some element symbols can be confusing such as Na for sodium, K for potassium, Fe for iron, Au for gold, and Ag for silver. • This is because they come form latin.

  16. Element Notes • The periodic table of elements displays all of the naturally occurring and synthesized (man-made)elements. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGM-wSKFBpo&feature=related • The element song Harry potter: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSAaiYKF0cs&feature=related • They might be giants: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0zION8xjbM • Periodic table of rock: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbf0HdLwLZA • Not school appropriate version • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SmwlzwGMMwc

  17. Elements • They might be giants: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0zION8xjbM • Periodic table of rock: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbf0HdLwLZA • The element song: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGM-wSKFBpo&feature=related • The element song Harry potter: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSAaiYKF0cs&feature=related

  18. Elements • Some elements are named after people or places • Ytterbium Y, Ytterby a village in Sweden • Rutherfordium (Rf), Ernest Rutherford. • Lead (Pb), Plumbum, Latin word

  19. Mendeleev's Periodic Table...

  20. Today's Periodic Table...

  21. Mendeleev our Main Man! • constructed a table which 'house' elements by characteristic properties • some elements were not even discovered then, he left 'gaps' in his table for eventual discovery - cool isn't it

  22. Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev(1834-1907) • Organized elements increasing atomic mass • Noticed that there was a repetition or periodic pattern in their properties.

  23. Elements • They might be giants: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0zION8xjbM • Periodic table of rock: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbf0HdLwLZA • The element song: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGM-wSKFBpo&feature=related • The element song Harry potter: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSAaiYKF0cs&feature=related

  24. Classifying the Elements • Metals • All elements to the left side (except H) of the stair-step line from B to At

  25. Metals • All elements to the left side (except H) of the stair-step line from B to At • good conductor of heat and electricity • shiny luster • solid at room temperature (except Hg) • Malleable and ductile • high boiling and melting points • High densities

  26. Non- Metals • Occupy the upper right side of the periodic table • (right of the stair-step line from B to At)

  27. Non-Metals (Characteristics) • Generally gasses at room temperature • Poor conductors of heat and electricity • Brittle dull-looking when solids • higher boiling and melting points(except carbon) • usually have lower densities than metals

  28. Metalloids • Elements border the stair-step line from B to At • Physical and chemical properties of both metals and non-metals

  29. Beep

  30. The Modern Periodic TableGroups • The boxes are arranged in order of increasing atomic number in a series of columns called groups or famlies.

  31. The Modern Periodic TableGroups • Each group is numbered 1 through 18,.

  32. Alkali Metals The chemical elements that are identified as alkali metals are lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and the extremely rare radioactive substance called francium. They occupy the first column of the periodic table of the elements .

  33. Alkali Metals Alkali Metals are in group because they all have one valence electron (one electron in its outer most energy level).

  34. Alkali Metals Physical properties: Densities are lower than other metals Good conductors of electricity Shiny, soft, malleable. Do not exist free in nature

  35. Alkali metals • Chemical properties: • Most Reactive group of elements on the Periodic Table • Very highly reactive (must be stored in oil to prevent reaction with air) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ft4E1eCUItI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m55kgyApYrY&feature=related

  36. Alkali Earth Metals • The members of the alkaline earth metals include: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra). • Second most reactive group of elements on the Periodic Table • Alkaline Earth Metals have two valence electrons • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFQPnHkQlZM

  37. Halogens • In the second column from the right side of the periodic table, you will find Group Seventeen (Group XVII). This column is the home of the halogen family of elements. Who is in this family? The elements included are Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Astatine (At). • Halides are very reactive.. • Halides contain seven valence ekectrons.

  38. Halogens • Fluorine is actually the most reactive and combines all of the time. As you move down the column, reactivity decreases. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2ogMUDBaf4

  39. Noble Gases • Also called INERT GASES • Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn). • This family of elements do not react with other elements. • Noble Gases have 8 valence electrons • You will find inert gases all over our world. Neon is used in advertising signs. Argon is used in light bulbs. Helium is used to cool things and in balloons. Xenon is used in headlights for new cars.

  40. Noble Gases • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLrofyj6a2s • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dRCCPYM241E&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fIuNXA9gN8 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwnLiXK-v5U&feature=relmfu

  41. Hydrogen • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fesgl5Cs5FY

  42. Hydrogen • Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table and the most basic and common of all elements in the universe. Over ninety percent of all the atoms in the universe are hydrogen atoms and they are the lightest of all elements. • Hydrogen will react with almost all other elements • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fesgl5Cs5FY

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