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Displaced by the State: The Case of Resettlement

Displaced by the State: The Case of Resettlement. Environment and Migration. Introduction: The Rebels of Vendée. Impacts & Population Displacement. Source: Castro et al. 2009 IHDP Open Meeting Presentation. Climate-Demography Vulnerability Index.

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Displaced by the State: The Case of Resettlement

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  1. Displaced by the State: The Case of Resettlement Environment and Migration

  2. Introduction: The Rebels of Vendée

  3. Impacts & Population Displacement Source: Castro et al. 2009 IHDP Open Meeting Presentation

  4. Climate-Demography Vulnerability Index Source: Samson, J., D. Berteaux, B.J. McGill and M.M. Humphries. 2011. Geographic disparities and moral hazards in the predicted impacts of climate change on human populations. Global Ecology and Biogeographyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00632.x

  5. Likely Impacts of Climate Change Requiring Adaptation Infrastructure

  6. Climate Change Mitigation Projects

  7. Resettlement Is Already Occurring Desertification • Inner Mongolia: China’s “ecological reinstallation” program aims to fight desertification in drought-prone grasslands by sedenterizing pastoralists River Basins/Coastal • Mekong: Vietnam has moved communities from river bank to areas further back • Zambezi: Mozambique has promoted voluntary resettlement from flood plain to higher ground • Alaska: Indigenous communities along the coast • Coastal Honduras: Garifuna communities settled inland • Murik Lakes, PNG: Failed resettlement related to SLR SISes • Maldives: Government promotes resettlement from outer islands to principal islands • Carteret Islands, PNG: Failed resettlement related to SLR • Kiribati: Buying land in Fiji

  8. Learning from the Three-Gorges Dam

  9. Needs (1) • Legal protections: Establish legal frameworks for climate change resettlement to protect welfare and human rights of affected populations • Participation: Involvement of affected communities, in both source and destination areas, in assessments and decisions regarding resettlement locations, compensation, and development programs • Equity: The process needs to be fair and equitable for the community, with every effort made to improve livelihoods • Capacity building: Interdisciplinary training for resettlement professionals that includes economics, anthropology, public health, and case studies

  10. Needs (2) • Impact assessments: Baseline environmental, health, and social IAs to establish benchmarks for evaluating resettlement performance through monitoring and evaluation programs • Research: Research to adapt existing knowledge on resettlement to the special case of climate related resettlement, with particular reference to disaster-related resettlement and learning from incipient climate-related resettlement • Finance: Establishment of financial mechanisms for capacity building and anticipatory planning in developing countries exposed most to climate risks, with joint funding by donors and the exposed countries themselves, since many M&A projects will not generate revenues that could offset costs

  11. Conclusions • Resettlement should be a last resort in climate adaptation, but the reality is that it is already occurring in some countries and this trend is likely to intensify. • We can learn from past mistakes • Managing risk is going to be increasingly central in a 2+ or 4+ degree world • Expect the unexpected: Many of the most damaging impacts of large infrastructure and DFDR are unforeseen • Need to evaluate pros and cons of different models • Laissez-faire approach (e.g. US post-Katrina, many developing countries) • Top-down “environmental migration” approach of China • Resettlement of refugee communities (US and Australia)

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