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The Monophyly Snip Rule Snip below a node, what falls off is a monophyletic group

The Monophyly Snip Rule Snip below a node, what falls off is a monophyletic group. The Monophyly Rule and Taxonomy. No birds! . Not very PC*! *( phylogenetically correct). “PC”, Phil Ward, UC Davis. Breaking the Monophyly Rule in Taxonomy. Non-PC Names*:

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The Monophyly Snip Rule Snip below a node, what falls off is a monophyletic group

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  1. The MonophylySnip Rule Snip below a node, what falls off is a monophyletic group

  2. The Monophyly Rule and Taxonomy

  3. No birds!  Not very PC*! *(phylogenetically correct) “PC”, Phil Ward, UC Davis

  4. Breaking the Monophyly Rule in Taxonomy • Non-PC Names*: • Algae (land plants are excluded) • Crustaceans (insects are excluded) • Moths (butterflies are excluded) • Wasps (ants and bees are excluded) • Reptiles (birds are excluded) • * “Non-Phylogenetically Correct”, Phil Ward, UC Davis

  5. 4. Sibling ≠ Ancestor A common question: If humans evolved from chimps, why are there still chimps today? Swivel the node. Did chimps evolve from humans? Why are there still other primates? What is U? Will paleontologists find it?

  6. 5. Sister lineage snip rule and ages Q R Time B Time A One point in time • ** Snip just above a node and what falls off are sister lineages (sister taxa) • Time A = Time B • Both lineages have been evolving for the same amount of time • Sister lineages have = ages

  7. Fish were present in the fossil record first, but that lineage didn’t “stop evolving” • Modern fish are just as “highly evolved” for what they do as humans are for what we do • Fish and humans have been evolving for the same amount of time since their common ancestor

  8. Don’t be fooled by long branches (the focus of the tree may be misleading at first glance) This tree may look odd, but it is correct

  9. Long branches/tree imbalance 3 living species (poor diversity) 250 living species (poor sampling) At first glance: Monotremes and Marsupials may seem more “primitive” than the other mammals (Placentals) That appearance is (in part) due to tree “imbalance”

  10. Age Rule (Modern TaxaAre Not Primitive): Don’t be fooled by branches on the leftDon’t be fooled by long branches What is “primitive” on this tree? Early mammal—laid eggs, but not an echidna or platypus

  11. Reconstruction of Megazostradon, the earliest fossil mammal

  12. The duck-billed platypusModern mammal, some primitive characters Primitive character state Many characters not seen in mammalian ancestor: “Bill”, electro-receptors, venom (not the same kind as reptiles)

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