URBAN POVERTY MAPPING

1. UPA Package 4, Module 1 URBAN POVERTY MAPPING

2. Urban Poverty Mapping • Module 4.1 Urban Poverty and Data Sources • Module 4.2 Statistics • Module 4.3 Geographical Information Systems Rationale and Objectives of Educational Package ”Urban Poverty Mapping”

3. Urban Poverty Mapping • Lessons (12) • Exercises (9) based on Netherlands and Enschede data • Exercises (3) based on Cebu data • Self study • Exam

4. Urban Poverty, Remote Sensing and GIS • Urban Poverty (package 1), Land (package 2) and • Settlement Improvement (package 3) • Slums, Poverty and Inequity • Remote Sensing, can you see the poor? • GIS and Urban Poverty Mapping

5. Income Monetary dimensions Consumption Urban Poverty Healthy and Nutrition Poverty Non-Monetary dimensions Education Poverty Basic services and Living conditions others e.g. empowerment Multi-dimensions of Poverty (Educational Package 1)

6. 90%of the population growth between 2000 and 2030 will take place in the cities of the developing world

7. Urban Growth

9. Access to Land and Security of Tenure (Educational Package 2) • Background of insecure tenure (poverty / invasions AND weak institutional/legalframeworks) • Importance of (de-facto) security of tenure for settlement development • Policies, programmes and (project) interventions 27 minutes video BBC World: Land Rites / Negative impact of forced evictions

10. Security of Land Tenure Security of tenure describes an agreement between an individual or group on land and residential property which is governed and regulated by a legal and administrative framework. The security derives from the fact that the right of access to and use of the land and property is underwritten by a known set of rules, and that this right is justifiable. The tenure can be effected in a variety of ways, depending on constitutional and legal frameworks, social norms, cultural values, and to some extent, individualpreferences (UNCHS, 1999).

11. Security of Land Tenure

12. Land Management and Poverty Alleviation • How the poor lose their place in the city Urbanization, Informal developments, displacement, gentrification, resettlement • How the poor regain their place in the city Tenure improvement and settlement upgrading

13. Slums, Poverty, Inequity

14. The Urbanization of Poverty

15. Dwelling: Permanent Structure < 3 persons per room Sewage Water Land: Security of Tenure Non – Hazardous Location Cities without Slums; the Inclusive City • A Dwelling is a Slum if one, or more, of these criteria are missing: • Access to improved water and access to improved sanitation • Sufficient living area, not overcrowded • Structural quality / durability of dwellings • Security of Tenure

16. Slums of the World

17. Slum Trend 1990 - 2001

18. Cities: Places for the Rich and the Poor

19. Remote Sensing, can you see the Poor? Poverty Line and Living Conditions

20. Remote Sensing, can you see the Poor? Visible characteristics of slums • Dwelling size, building material, morphology, location, density, dispersed or concentrated, others? Are slum dwellers socio-economic homogenous? Non-visible characteristics of poverty • New poor, hidden poverty

21. Remote Sensing • Ground photos / aerial photographs and satellite images • Technical specifications (spatial resolution)

22. meteosat NOAA TM SPOT IRS KVR Ikonos 50km 1km 30m 5 2 <1m 10m Spatial Resolution

23. Interpretation and Classification Land Use Classes Detailed / General How to Identify/delineate Remote Sensing

24. GIS and Urban Poverty Mapping • Geo-Visualizatio • Aggregation/dis-aggregation (Addis, Kebeles / Sub-cities) • Participatory Approach (Nakuru) • Poverty Mapping Methodologies (World Bank) • GIS = gluing (spatial) data producers, institutional collaboration • Where are the poor? What can be done?