Marathi Noun Morphology for POS Tagger

1. Marathi Noun Morphology for POS Tagger VEENA DIXIT

2. Marathi Nouns • Nouns are nearly 45% of the random corpus. • We will consider the stem forming processes of Marathi nouns. • Inflectional Marathi Noun Morphology is absolute economic in nature. • A single stem is formed for an attachment of the case markers as well as the postpositions. VEENA DIXIT

3. Inflection Classes of Marathi Nouns • In tradition, stem – forming process is referred as ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ formation. • ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ is the stem form of a noun, to which the case markers or the postpositions are attached. • Marathi nouns can be classified based on the suffixes attached to a noun for ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ formation. • Several parameters are active in deciding ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ of a Marathi noun. VEENA DIXIT

4. Parameters, deciding ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ • Gender • Number • Ultimate Vowel • Ultimate consonant • Penultimate Vowel • Penultimate consonant • Number of syllables • Etymology - The degree of acceptance of a foreign word • Frequency • Subgroup VEENA DIXIT

5. Gender • There are three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, in Marathi, if the agreement between noun and verb is considered. • Assignment of gender to a Marathi noun is not systematic, it is merely conventional. * (feminine, singular)माळ – maaLa – small garland, माळेवर – maalevara – on the small garland (masculine , singular)माळ– maaLa – uncultivated land, माळावर – maaLaavara – on the uncultivated land VEENA DIXIT

6. Number There are two numbers in Marathi, singular and plural. (masculine, singular) माळा – maaLaa – floor माळ्यावर – maaLyaavara – on the floor (masculine, plural) माळे – maaLe – floors माळ्यांवर – maaLyaaMvara – on the floors VEENA DIXIT

7. Ultimate Vowel (masculine, singular, ‘schwa’ ending) माळ – maaLa – uncultivated land माळावर – maaLaavara – on the uncultivated land (masculine, singular, ‘aa’ ending) माळा – maaLaa – floor माळ्यावर – maaLyaavara – on the floor VEENA DIXIT

8. Ultimate Consonant (masculine, singular, ultimate consonant ‘L’) माळा – maaLaa – floor माळ्यावर – maaLyaavara – on the floor (masculine, singular, ultimate consonant ‘s’) मासा - maasaa – fish माशावर – maashaavara – on the fish VEENA DIXIT

9. Penultimate Vowel (neuter, singular, penultimate vowel ‘uu’, direct) मूल – muula – child (neuter, singular, penultimate vowel ‘u’, oblique) मुलावर – mulaavara – on the child VEENA DIXIT

10. Penultimate Consonant (feminine, singular, penultimate consonant ‘ll’) चिल्लर – chillara – coins चिल्लरीवर – chillarivara – on the coins (feminine, singular, penultimate consonant ‘kk’) अक्कल – akkala – intelligence अकलेवर – akalevara – on the intelligence (feminine, singular, penultimate consonant ‘pp’) चप्पल – chappala – footwear चपलेवर – chapalevara – on the footwear VEENA DIXIT

11. Number of Syllables (feminine, singular, one syllabic) स्त्री – strii – woman स्त्रिया – striiyaa – women (feminine, singular, two syllabic) टाकी – Taakii – tank टाक्या – Taakyaa – tanks VEENA DIXIT

12. Etymology The degree of acceptance of a foreign word Accepted well टेबल – Tebala – table टेबलावर – Tebalaavara – on the table Newly accepted कंप्यूटर – kampyutara – computer कंप्यूटरवर – kampyutaravara – on the computer VEENA DIXIT

13. Subgroup of nouns Proper nouns and Non – proper nouns Non – proper nouns पुरुष – puruSha – man पुरुषावर – puruShaavara – on the man Proper nouns उमेश – umesha – Umesh उमेशवर – umeshavara – on Umesh VEENA DIXIT

14. Frequency Less frequent proper noun उमेश – umesha – Umesh उमेशवर – umeshavara – on Umesh More frequent proper noun शंकर – shankara – Shankar शंकरावर – shankaraavara – on Shankar VEENA DIXIT