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Dog and Cat Bone and Joint Anatomy: Periosteum to Synovial Fluid

Explore the intricate structures such as periosteum, haversian system, and synovial fluid in the bones and joints of dogs and cats. Learn about cells like osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Understand the role of synovial joints, meniscus, and the composition of synovial fluid for joint health. Discover the blood, lymph, and nerve supply to synovial joints and their crucial functions.

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Dog and Cat Bone and Joint Anatomy: Periosteum to Synovial Fluid

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  1. Anatomy and Physiology of Dogs and Cats Bones, Joints, Synovial Fluid (Part Two)

  2. Periosteum • Composed of an outer fibrous layer and an inner cell-rich layer containing osteoblasts or other cells that can become osteoblasts

  3. Periosteum • Functions • Increase diameter of bone • Heals fractures

  4. Haversian System/Osteon • Unit of structure for compact bone • Central haversian canal surrounded by concentric layers of bone (lamellae) • Lack spongy bone • Contain blood vessels, connective tissues, nerve fibers and lymphatic vessels

  5. Cells • Osteoblasts • Produces collagen for the initial unmineralized bone and then helps calcify the bone matrix

  6. Cells • Osteocyte • Mature bone cell • Maintains the bone matrix • Can synthesize and resorb matrix to an extent

  7. Cells • Osteoclasts • Large, motile, multinucleated • Resorb bone for remodeling https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=78RBpWSOl08

  8. Joints and Synovial Fluid • Synovial joints are those that allow one surface to glide over the other • Motion is facilitated by articular cartilage and synovial joint fluid contained in joint capsule • The meniscus within joint capsule serves as a cushioning function

  9. Synovial Fluid • Contains hyaluronic acid and lubricin (glycoprotein) • Secreted by synovial membrane • Lubricates articular surfaces (light vs heavy loads)

  10. Blood and Lymph Supply to Synovial Joints • Arteries enter the bone near the line of the capsule attachment and form a network around the joint • Capillaries deliver nutrients • Lymph vessels present in blood vessels • Lymph vessels that leave joint, drain into regional lymph nodes

  11. Nerve Supply and Synovial Joints • Functions: • Pain and reflex • Role in posture, locomotion, and sense of tension from motion (tendons, muscles)

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