LABORATORY SAFETY

1. Lisa Bognar Phillips Bognar.6@nd.edu Risk Management & Safety 631-5037 http://www.nd.edu/~riskman LABORATORY SAFETY Including Blood Borne Pathogens, Emergency Response, Personal Protective Equipment and Hazardous Waste Management Training

2. Chemical Hazards • Physical Hazards • Health Hazards There are two general hazard classes that must be evaluated when assessing the safety of a chemical:

3. Chemical Hazards: Physical Hazards • Compressed Gas - cylinders of compressed gas are under intense pressure. • Corrosivity – strong acids and bases can cause visible destruction of metals at the site of contact. • Flammability - both solid and liquid chemicals can serve as fuel sources to support a fire. • Reactivity - many substances will react violently if allowed contact with air, water or other chemicals. Friction, shock, light or heat can be enough to trigger some reactions. • Oxidizability – compounds that release oxygen as they decompose. React with flammables

4. Chemical Hazards: Health Hazards • Irritants - cause reversible inflammation of skin, eyes or nasal passages. • Sensitizers- cause allergic reaction after repeated exposures. Individual sensitivities vary. • Carcinogens - alter DNA or cause cells with altered DNA to multiply. • Systemic Toxins - typically target a specific organ or system (liver, kidney, blood, nervous system, reproductive system, etc.). • Toxins – based on dose. Anything can be poisonous. • Corrosives– cause burns to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes and respiratory tract. HF is not like typical mineral acids. It is extremely toxic and penetrates to the bone. Calcium gluconate is the only antidote that should be used on an HF burn.

5. Routes of Entry • Inhalation:The major route of entry when working with solvents. Great rapidity of absorption

6. Routes of Entry • Absorption:May produce systemic poisoning. Condition of skin determines rate of entry. Examples: organic lead, solvents, (xylene, methylene chloride) organo phosphate pesticides, cyanides

7. Routes of Entry • Ingestion:Usually accidental or due to poor hygiene practices

8. Chemical Right to Know • .MSDS Includes the following: • Product Information • Fire and Explosion • Toxicology • Health Effects • PPE • Storage • Leaks and Spills • Waste Disposal • First Aid )

9. Product Information

10. Finding an MSDS • Chemical manufacturers and distributors CANNOT refuse a request for an MSDS. • There are excellent on-line MSDS databases: http://www.hazard.com/msds/index.php http://www.nd.edu/~riskman

11. University of Notre Dame Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) • Contains information and procedures that laboratory personnel can use to protect themselves from the chemicals they work with • First place to look for answers to questions you might have regarding chemical or laboratory issues • Located on Risk Management and Safety website • http://www.nd.edu/~riskman • Topics include: - Emergency Response - Personal Protective Eq. - Chemical compatibility -Waste Management - Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)

12. Personal Protective Equipment • Gloves are required anytime you are handling chemicals, biologicals and radioactive materials • Eye protection is required anytime you are handling chemicals, biologicals and radioactive materials • Open toed shoes do not protect your feet and ARE NOT allowed in the laboratory. (NO FLIP FLOPS, SANDALS, etc)

13. Wear Eye Protection When Using: • Glassware under reduced pressure • Cryogenic materials • Glassware under elevated pressure • Explosives • Caustics, Irritants or Corrosives • Biohazards • Radioactive Materials • UV Light • Toxic Chemicals • Carcinogens • Flammable Materials • Lasers

14. Gloves • Be sure you know which type of glove is appropriate for the chemical you are using Example of wrong glove having been used

15. Gloves Remove soiled gloves. If gloves become soiled or contaminated during experiment, stop, and remove carefully. Wash your hands and put on new pair of gloves. If you double-glove, remove soiled glove, replace with new one, and continue your work.

16. Safety Equipment:Chemical Fume Hood Airflow into the hood prevents chemicals inside from migrating out into your breathing zone. If air velocity into the hood is impeded or slowed, the hoods ability to capture chemicals is compromised. Factors that affect airflow: • Sash Height • Drafts • Bulky objects inside

17. Gas Cylinder Safety • Storage and Handling • Gas cylinders should not be stored in exits or egress routes or blocking any safety equipment • Gas cylinders (excluding lecture bottles) should be stored in an upright position and with safety caps in place unless in use. • Use only the appropriate regulator for the gas • Gas cylinders must be secured with a chain or appropriate belt above the midpoint but below the shoulder of the cylinder

18. Cylinder Safety What’s Wrong in this Picture? Cylinder must be secured by chain or other steadying device

20. Electrical Safety • Eliminate frayed or worn wiring • Never stretch wires across floor or other equipment. • Staff should know location of circuit breakers

21. Electrical Safety • Match size of extension cord to appliance power cord to prevent cord overheating. • Extension cords are not intended for "permanent" installations -- appliances shall be connected to permanently wired receptacles.

22. Examples of Poor Storage • Never store a chemical with a missing or obscured label )

23. Container Labels All chemicals (including solutions and chemicals transferred from their original containers) should be labeled with their common names, concentrations and hazards. Additional information such as: date received, date opened, date of expiration should also be recorded. Label may also include: Proper handling, Storage, Emergency response

24. Refrigerators and Freezers • Ordinary household refrigerators and freezers constitute a hazard when used for storage of flammable or unstable chemicals. These units produce conditions that can lead to explosions. • Domestic refrigerators should not be used for flammable chemical storage. • "Lab-safe" refrigerators and freezers (designed for storage of flammable liquids) must be used for flammable chemicals.

25. Definition Biosafety The application of combinations of laboratory practice and procedure, laboratory facilities, and safety equipment when working with potentially infectiousmicroorganisms. We use these practices to protect the workers and those around, the product and the environment.

26. Laboratory Requirements • Knowledgeable supervisor • Knowledgeable personnel • Aware of potential hazards • Proficient in lab practices & techniques • Availability of a lab specific biosafety manual • Contact information • Copies of IBC,IRB,RCC, and/or IACUC protocols • Standard Operating Procedures • For unique procedures • Laboratory inspection checklist • Emergency response plan • Special procedures where needed • Relevant reference materials

27. Classification of Infectious Agents • Found in the NIH Guidelines. • Classified into risk groups on the basis of risk to the individual and to the community. • Currently, 4 risk group levels have been designated. • the least risk (RG-1) to the most risk (RG-4).

28. Not associated with disease in healthy adult humans. Generally only require a laboratory with minimal containment Biosafety Level 1 laboratory “Declaration of Dangerous Goods” is not required for shipment. Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli K-12 Associated with human diseases which are rarely serious. Preventative and therapeutic interventions are available. Generally require a laboratory with moderate containment. Biosafety Level 2 laboratory “Declaration of Dangerous Goods” required for shipment. Measles virus, Salmonella spp., Toxoplasma spp., Hepatitis B virus, leshmainia, plasmodium falciparum RG-1 Agents RG-2 Agents

29. Biohazardous Waste Containers Biohazardous waste containers shall be clearly marked with the universal biohazard symbol. • Puncture-proof, leak-proof, sealable receptacles • avoid over-filling

30. OrangeBiohazard Bags Orange Biohazard Bags contain previously contaminated waste that has been decontaminated (autoclaved) by lab personnel. May be taken to the dumpster if brown bagged. Housekeepers WILL NOT handle these bags.

31. Emergency Response • Fires/accidents 911 (From a cell phone 574-631-5555) • Spills 1-5037 (Risk Management and Safety) • After Hours Spills 911 State the type of emergency and the exact location of emergency. If a chemical is involved spell the chemical name to the dispatcher.

32. Fire Safety • Alert persons in area of fire • Close doors to confine fire • Activate fire alarm • Evacuate through nearest exit • Do not use elevators • Move away from the building.

33. How to Use a Fire Extinguisher pull pin aim at the base of the fire squeeze handle sweep from side to side PASS

34. Fire Extinguisher Training Learn how to operate a portable fire extinguisher by participating in fire extinguisher training program sponsored by Notre Dame Fire Department. Contact them at 1-6200 if you would like to take the class US&A (v 2/07)

35. Biological/Chemical Exposures Needle Sticks: Ocular Exposures: Dermal Exposures: • Wash thoroughly with soap and water • Rinse at eyewash at least 15 minutes • Rinse under drench shower at least 15 minutes • Hold eye open to ensure effective wash • Identify source (consent?) • Remove all contaminated clothing • Seek Medical Treatment • Your supervisor must fill out an accident/exposure form

36. First Aid - Chemical Burns (Eyes) • Forcibly open eyelids to ensure effective washing behind eyelid • Wash from nose out to ear to avoid washing chemicals back into eye or into an unaffected eye • Flood eyes and eyelids with water/eye solution for minimum of 15 minutes

37. First Aid - Chemical Burns (Eyes) Make sure you know the location of the nearest eyewash station.

38. Eye Wash Maintenance • Eyewashes are periodically checked by Maintenance but are not flushed. Lab personnel must test eyewashes monthly. • Designate someone to test eye washes monthly. Let run for 1 minute

39. Spill Response • Be prepared for emergencies

40. Biological Spills/Decontamination • Cover spill with paper towels • Soak towels with disinfectant (10% Bleach is effective) • Wait 10 minutes • While wearing PPE, clean up the spill using paper towels Notify Risk Management 1-5037 if you need assistance • Wipe spill area with disinfectant • Dispose of all clean-up materials as biological waste (red bag)

41. Chemical Spills Identify the chemical Assess your ability to safely contain and clean up the spill: (spill size, chemical identification, PPE) I CAN safely clean it up I CANNOT safely clean it up Notify coworkers and secure the area Notify coworkers and vacate/secure the area Use spill kit to contain and clean up the spill (MSDS helps) Call 911 On cell call 574-631-5555 Call Risk Management to confirm clean up

42. Chemical Waste Disposal Satellite Accumulation • Container • Compatible and in good condition • Has “tight-fitting” closure and container is closed unless adding waste. • Label (3 things): • Must be labeled as soon as first drop of waste is put into the container. • Words “waste or “hazardous waste” • Description or Name of • chemical(s) • Secondary Containment • Must segregate incompatibles • One container per waste stream

44. Hazardous Waste Disposal Rules • Do not use chemical symbols or abbreviations when labeling your containers US&A (v 2/07)

45. 341 Chemistry Methanol 40 Acetone 20 4 Liters Generator Signs Faculty name printed RM&S use ONLY Abbreviations and formulas NOT acceptable Person who generates waste signs form

46. All other waste… Gloves, paper, etc: disposed of in regular (clear) trash bags and bags are to be removed by custodians daily. Broken Glass: if clean, should be disposed of in a puncture proof box marked “Broken Glass”.

47. Laboratory Security There are extremists who vandalize workplaces where they suspect animal research is being conducted and others who identify sources for chemicals/ biologicals to be used in terrorism or illegal drug production • Protect your lab and your research: • NEVER prop open any card or key access corridor doors. • Don’t let people ‘piggy-back’ to gain access to restricted areas. • Keep your lab doors closed and locked when unattended. • Question strangers, and report suspicious activity to campus security.

48. Emergency Phone Numbers • Security 911 or 631- 5555 from cell • Risk Management & Safety 1-5037 • ND Fire 1-6200