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Refrigeration Cycle Basics - Principles, Components, and Training Seminar

Join our comprehensive training seminar on the principles and components of refrigeration. Learn about the refrigeration cycle, mechanical refrigeration, and the use of refrigerants. Get hands-on experience with compressor systems, capillary tubes, expansion valves, and water-cooled refrigeration systems. Don't miss this opportunity to advance your knowledge in refrigeration technology.

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Refrigeration Cycle Basics - Principles, Components, and Training Seminar

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  1. COOLER TRAINING SEMINAR • & • INTRODUCTION TO 37

  2. SEMINAR AGENDA • PRINCIPLES OF REFRIGERATION • PRINCIPLES OF CARBONATION • C-COOL 37 - An Introduction • COMBI-RACK • HANDS ON SESSION • Tower/Valve Programming • Complete System Components • OPEN FORUM

  3. REFRIGERATION CYCLE BASIC PRINCIPLES - DEFINITIONS

  4. DEFINITIONS - HEAT • Is a form of energy that cannot be destroyed • Is a form of energy transferred by a difference in temperature • Heat travels in one direction - hot to cold

  5. DEFINITIONS - COLD • A relative term referring to the lack of heat in an object, liquid or space • Nothing known in this world from which heat is “totally” absent • Theoretical absolute zero would be minus 273.15o Celsius

  6. DEFINITIONS - REFRIGERATION • Is the removal of unwanted heat from an object, liquid or space (first utilised over 2500 years ago) • Removal of heat lowers the temperature and may be accomplished by the use of snow, chilled water or mechanical refrigeration

  7. DEFINITIONS - MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION • Is the use of mechanical components arranged in a “refrigeration system” for the purpose of transferring heat • Allows the refrigerant “charge” to be completely recovered within the system

  8. DEFINITIONS - REFRIGERANTS • Are chemical compounds that are alternately compressed & condensed into a liquid and then allowed to expand into a vapour or gas as they are pumped through the system • Refrigeration is based on the principle that a liquid expanding into a gas extracts heat from the surrounding area

  9. CAPILLARY SYSTEMS

  10. Capillary Tube • Capillary tubes are used only on small equipment with fairly constant loads, such as domestic refrigerators/home food freezers & some soft drink and beer coolers where the load or demand is known. • They are not generally found in commercial refrigeration, where control of the evaporator is much more critical due to more widely fluctuating conditions

  11. The Refrigeration Cycle

  12. COMPRESSOR

  13. MOISTURE • Ice can be created within the capillary or expansion valve and cause a blockage • Moisture causes : Corrosion, Rust, Decomposition of refrigerant, Ageing of oil, Damage to motor insulation • Maximum moisture level - 20ppm or 2mg/100gm of refrigerant

  14. MOISTURE • Water + Refrigerant = ACID • Water + Refrigerant + Heat = ACID • ACID Attacks - STEEL, COPPER, BRASS and the ENAMEL WIRE of the MOTOR

  15. ICE BANK FORMATION

  16. ICE BANK FORMATION

  17. THERMOSTAT

  18. Electronic Ice Bank Control • Not effected by ambient conditions • Digital read out of temperature / fault code • Temperature sensing for high pressure cut out • Calibrated probe for accurate ice bank or water bath control

  19. COMPRESSOR ELECTRIC'S

  20. WINDING PROTECTOR

  21. Capillary TubeAdvantages / Disadvantages • Low cost • Non mechanical • Subject to clogging • Moisture • Dirt • Requires exact refrigerant charge • Is sensitive to load changes • Liquid refrigerant can reach the compressor under no load conditions

  22. AGITATORS & PUMPS

  23. THERMAL EXPANSION VALVE(TEV)SYSTEMS

  24. Flow ControlsExpansion Valve v Capillary Tube • To permit the flow of refrigerant into the evaporator at the rate required to remove the heat load • To maintain the correct pressure differential between the high and low sides of a refrigeration system.

  25. THERMAL EXPANSION VALVE

  26. Expansion ValvesAdvantages / Disadvantages • Expansion valves are mechanical devices • Higher cost than capillary tubes • Controls flow of refrigerant depended on evaporator load • Refrigerant charge is not critical • Wider operating ambient temperatures can be designed for • Pressure control on both high & low side

  27. WATER COOLEDREFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

  28. Water Cooled CondenserPlate Design • High heat transfer characteristics due to corrugation of plates • All joints are vacuum brazed and leak tested at 652 PSI (45 bar) • Low pressure drop across both water & refrigerant sides • Designed in conjunction with heat dump coil for maximum performance

  29. Heat Dump • Copper / Aluminium heat exchanger • Teflon coated fins • 7 Fpi (currently 14 Fpi) • Improved air flow • New fan / heat exchanger cover • Higher IP rating • Easy to clean & Install • Greater heat transfer

  30. Wall Mounted Heat Dump

  31. CARBONATION

  32. What is a Volume?

  33. Volumes Bunsen H2O CO2 1 1 1Vol + = 200C 1 Bar (14.7 psi)

  34. How do we Increase our Volumes? • Increase CO2 Pressure - and or • Lower Temperature

  35. Carbonator Bowl The first time the unit is used, it needs to be filled up with CO2 at the specified pressure (80psi for the Ambi-Carb). CO2 Can be seen entering Carbonator Bowl at point - 'A’ The Trapped Air is then released by operating the Relief Valve. Thus allowing the bowl to be completely filled by CO2

  36. Carbonator Bowl Water is pumped in Under pressure at point - 'B' (Ambi-Carb Pump pump is set at 200psi) CO2 Mixes with the water at point -'C' Through small holes in the tube. This is called Venturi effect.[The high pressure water causes a low pressure area over the holes thus sucking in the CO2Mix] The pump continues to pump water into the Bowl until the water makes contact with the tip of the level probe. - 'D' The pump continues to pump in water for another 4 seconds and then cuts out

  37. Carbonator Bowl This Carbonator Bowl is then ready to dispense carbonated water. This slide shows the soda water being pumped out until the level probe is exposed The water pump cuts in to maintain the correct water level in the bowl. CO2 Mixes with the water at point -'C' Through small holes in the tube. This is called Venturi effect] - Shown on Slide 2

  38. AIR - (1 Part air keeps out 22 parts CO2) Faulty Carb Pump Faulty Soda Pump Carb Probe LV Control Carb Solenoid Debris in Injection Port Pumps Plugged In Wiring OK CO2 Pressure - High/Low/On! Water Pressure - High or Low TCP Function Filters! Inlet Regulator Over-demand on System Brix Hygiene of Valve Speed of Pour Killers of Carbonation

  39. Refrigeration Thermostat Agitator Ambient Air Refrigerant Charge Condenser Fan/Motor Load Water Quality! Electric's Bulk CO2 - Speed of delivery Bulk Settings Grease/Detergent - hands & Customer Dispense Temperature Pump Deadhead Pressures Quality of Cups Amount of Ice Stand Time Python Quality PEOPLE etc. etc.etc Killers of Carbonation

  40. 37 Technical Specifications Carbonator & Soda Recirc. System

  41. Philosophy 37 • To Produce a “Worthy” Successor to the Somerset • To Add Value & Increase Reliability • To Reduce Total Life costs • To Incorporate New Levels of Technology • To Become Easier to Install, Service & Maintain • To Allow for Increased Volume of Sales in Future Years • Simplify Training Requirements • To use, where possible, Common Components • To Meet & Exceed Coca-Cola ‘C’ Class Conditions

  42. 37 Improvements on • On the 1500, Greater performance than the “105” but on a “44” Footprint • Controls & Condenser at front of units • Advanced Liquid Level Control & Ice-bank Control • Re-designed Coil Pack - increased cooling potential • Improved Performance - Built to exceed C Class • Life Costs reduced - Increased Warranty Cover • Improved Hydraulics - No Drop Off in Performance

  43. Value Added Features • Cooler Management System • System Control - Fridge System • Thermal Protection - Pumps • Flood Protection - All Pumps • Electronic Asset Tracking • RS232 Communication Ports • Modem Option - Dial in/Dial out • Data Interrogation • Software Programming • Membrane Switch Panel • Advanced Switching Technology

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