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Physical Development of The Toddler

Physical Development of The Toddler. Chapter 11 Page 290. Body Growth & Development. Babies continue to grow quickly but not as quick as the first year Height & Weight Toddler grow at different rates Due to environment & heredity. Environment Diet Exercise Health Even emotions .

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Physical Development of The Toddler

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  1. PhysicalDevelopment of The Toddler Chapter 11 Page 290

  2. Body Growth & Development • Babies continue to grow quickly but not as quick as the first year • Height & Weight • Toddler grow at different rates • Due to environment & heredity

  3. Environment Diet Exercise Health Even emotions Heredity Genes determine height Weight

  4. Years One and Two • Growth slows after first year • Most girls reach 53% of their adult height by age 2 • Boys usually reach 50% of their adult height by 2 • Often true that a tall 2 year old will be a tall adult and vice versa

  5. Age 2 • Slow and steady growth rate • Gain 2 – 3 inches and 6 pounds per year • Girls continue until about 11 • Boys until 13

  6. Other Body Changes • 24 months, head is ¼ of total height • Adult’s head is 1/10th. • See charts on page 292 Figure 11-2

  7. Bones & Teeth • Bones continue to become harder • Degree of ossification not the same throughout the body • Due to cartilage, bones are more flexible and less likely to break than an adult’s • Fontanels (gap between skull bones, soft spots) are closed or almost closed • Full set of deciduous teeth • See page 294 Figure 11-5

  8. Fat & Muscle Tissue • Fat deposits under skin decreases rapidly between 9 and 30 months • Chubby baby becomes more slender • Muscle development (the lengthening and thickening of muscles is slow during the toddler stage)

  9. Motor Development • Large muscle development (refers to the development of trunk, arm and leg • Crawling, walking, jumping, running • (gross motor skills)

  10. Walking • Around 1st birthday may start walking unassisted • Often girls walk before boys • Pushing a baby to walk may not help and may hinder

  11. Beginning Walkers • Stand with feet wide apart • Turn their feet outward and flex knees • Walk on tiptoes • Irregular steps, lurches, and weaves • Tilted spine lead them to lean forward

  12. Walking at Two Years • May look like a run but it isn’t • Rarely go around obstacles but over them • Distraction leads to toddler falls

  13. Running • True running begins at 2 years of age • Not skillful runners • Tends to be awkward • Can’t stop or start quickly

  14. Jumping • Moves arms backwards instead of using them to help the jump

  15. Climbing • As soon as they crawl or creep • Between 15 to 18 months • Hold to railing or hands • Don’t change feet until after 2nd birthday

  16. Throwing & Catching • Begin throwing by accident • Forget to hold on to object • Enjoy seeing object move through air • Then start to throw on purpose • Begins at age 1 • Throw from sitting position first and then from standing position

  17. Small-Muscle Development • Hands, fingers (fine motor skills) • Eye-hand coordination—what they see with the way they move their hands • With time and experience, clumsy becomes more adept

  18. By end of first year, babies can hold objects between thumb and index finger • 12 – 18 months holds spoon • Feed themselves and drink for themselves

  19. 12 – 18 Months • Toddlers can: • Remove hat and socks • Insert large objects into holes • Turn pages of a book several at a time • Begin to fit objects together • Build a tower of 2 to 3 soft blocks

  20. 2 years • Hit pegs with a hammer • Hold crayons and pencils • Cannot hold or write with a crayon or pencil like an adult • By this age shows definite hand deference (left vs right)

  21. Summary • Grow more slowly in second year than in first • Toddler’s bones continue to harden • Fat deposits under skin decrease • Brain matures at a faster rate than other body organs • Full set of baby teeth present shortly after 2 years

  22. Toddlers refine gross-motor skills (walking, climbing, and throwing) • New skills emerge (running, jumping off objects, catching) • Fine-motor skills depend on child’s level of eye-hand coordination • Show definite hand deference by 2nd year

  23. Activity • Page 302 • Do the questions 1 – 10 • Put your name on the paper and turn them in

  24. Brochure • Develop a brochure explaining toddlers’ motor skills • Include information on the order of learning • Explain actions used in walking, running, and jumping

  25. Find Equipment • Visit websites and find toys and equipment which will provide activities a toddler could manipulate and enjoy safely • Print out product information and photos to share with the class

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