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Fish

Learn about the diverse fish species during the Age of Fish. Explore jawless, cartilaginous, and bony fish varieties. From lampreys to sharks, uncover the fascinating world beneath the waves. Dive into fish anatomy, respiration, reproduction, and adaptations.

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Fish

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  1. Fish The Devonian Period: The Age of Fish Time of development for many fish species.

  2. Classification • Kingdom- Animalia • Phylum- Chordata • Sub Phylum- Vertebrata • Classes- Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes

  3. Let’s go to the Video! Fish are all different.

  4. Agnatha Jawless fish: Lampreys, Hagfish

  5. Types of Agnathans • Hagfish- Ocean scavengers, not much is known about them. • Lamprey- fresh and salt water, they are parasitic and prey on other fish. * Both have cartilagenous skeletons and sucker-like mouths.

  6. A Hagfish

  7. The Sea Lamprey

  8. Chondricthyes Cartilagenous Fish: Shark, Ray

  9. Chondrichthyes Sharks, Skates, and Rays • Adapted for a predatory lifestyle. • Have skeletons made of cartilage not bones. • Stiff pectoral fins (speed). • Live birth. • Have different kinds of scales that feel and look more like sandpaper.

  10. Chondrichthyes • Have no operculum and must keep moving to breathe. • No swim bladder. • Manta, and Sting Rays- live in shallow water, have mouths located on the underside, are fairly docile, wide flat bodies and wing-like fins that are flexible.

  11. Shaaaaaaark!!!!!

  12. They get a Bad Rap :-( Giant Stingray • This one is actually a freshwater stingray. • Stinger as long as 15 cm, usually contains toxins

  13. Spotted Eagle Rays

  14. Osteichthyes Bony Fish: Salmon, Carp, Tuna Over 20,000 different species

  15. Types of Osteichthyes Ray Finned: • Most fish are this type • Fins are supported by bony structures called Rays. • Teleosts are the most advanced form of ray finned fish (symmetrical tails and mobile fins). Lobe Finned: • Fins are long, fleshy, muscular, supported by central core of bones. • Thought to be ancestors of amphibians. • Examples are: Coelacanth, Lungfish

  16. Bizarre Fish Crocodile Fish • Only about 15 cm long.

  17. Bizarre Fish the Sequel Ocean Sunfish • 14 feet vertically • 10 feet horizontally • weighing nearly 5,000 pounds

  18. Basic Fish Characteristics • Gills • Backbone (vertebrae) • Paired Fins • Single Loop Circulation • Two chambered heart

  19. Fish Anatomy

  20. Fins and Stuff… Soft Rays Spiny Rays Nostril Lateral Line Operculum

  21. Purpose of Fins • Caudal – Make you go real fast!!! • Pelvic and Pectoral - When you need to hit the breaks or change directions.

  22. Fish Respiration • Water flows over Gills as fish opens mouth and swims. • Water flows opposite direction of blood flow. • O2 diffuses from the water into the blood. • Gills are covered by the Operculum. • Osmoregulation – fish have the ability to regulate how much water is in their blood.

  23. Up Close and Personal

  24. Fish Circulation • Fish heart has 2 chambers • Single loop circulation • Blood flows into gills, picks up O2, goes to the body, returns to the heart.

  25. Fish Reproduction • Most Fish reproduce sexually, and fertilize their eggs externally (Sharks-internally). • Spawning is the process of fertilizing eggs. • Baby fish are called FRY.

  26. Reproduction in the Sea

  27. Reproduction Methods • Oviporous: lay eggs • Ovoviviparous – internal incubation of eggs and live birth (Still in egg) • Viviparous – young born fully formed attached to female and nourished by placenta

  28. Reproduction….Let the male do the hard work • Seahorse and pipefish – Males carry the eggs!!

  29. Sexual Dimorphism In some fishes, males and females look different! • The males are brightly colored while the females are drab. • Why do you think that this happens?

  30. Sexual Dimorphism • In some species one sex is much larger then the other.

  31. Sex Reversal • Why do they change sex? Age Lack of Food Male to Female Ratio in the population

  32. Fish Adaptations • Lateral Line System- used to detect vibrations, orient the fish in water, it is a line of cells running down the side of the fish. The lateral line is well developed in schooling fish; it helps the fish swim together in a group without swimming into one another.

  33. Fish Adaptations • Operculum- gill cover, movement of operculum allows more water to be drawn in.

  34. Fish Adaptations • Swim Bladder- a gas filled sac that helps the fish maintain buoyancy. Sharks don’t have a swim bladder!

  35. Fish Adaptations • Fins- Dorsal, Caudal, Pectoral, Pelvic, Anal. • Different shapes serve different purposes.

  36. Different Dorsal Fins

  37. Body Shape • Related to the “lifestyle” of the fish! • Flat=bottom • Thin=rocks&vegetation • Torpedo=open ocean & fast!

  38. A few adaptations!!!!

  39. Don’t let the pretty light fool you – Angler Fish

  40. False Eye – Double Saddle Butterfly

  41. Chromatophores Pigment in cells that makes the fish “shimmer” in the light.

  42. Disruptive Coloration - Moorish Fish

  43. Warning Coloration – Lion Fish

  44. Batfish “Play dead” when alarmed (float motionless) mimicking floating leaves

  45. One Last Word on Fish…. All About Fish

  46. You might want to write this down…. Fish you need to know

  47. Angel Fish (B)

  48. Barracuda (L) • Slender body, moves in and out of reefs • Sharp teeth • Ambush prey

  49. Pufferfish (E) • Not good swimmers • Ingest water to inflate • Poisonous

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