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ORIGINS of UNDERDEVELOPMENT in the EASTERN CAPE. TRADITIONAL ECONOMY. CHIEFS – the Owners of the Land Responsible for Defence and Food Security Income from Taxes and Judicial Fines “Fathers of their People” Subsistence but Self-Sufficient Economy
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TRADITIONAL ECONOMY • CHIEFS – the Owners of the Land • Responsible for Defence and Food Security • Income from Taxes and Judicial Fines • “Fathers of their People” • Subsistence but Self-Sufficient Economy • Limitations on Chiefly Power [Cirha and Tshawe]
COLONIAL IMPACT TRADERS and MISSIONARIES • New Products – Ironware, Sugar • New Tastes – European Dress • Money Economy • New Opportunities • Higher Standard of Living but Dependence • Power of Chiefs undermined
“Peasants” – the new Entrepreneurs • Term introduced by Colin Bundy • Embrace the money economy • Control their own means of production, eg. Land • Produce to sell, and not to buy • Innovative • Invest in Capital Equipment, eg. Ploughs, waggons AMAGOGOTYA and AMAMFENGU
IMPACT OF MINING ECONOMY Monopoly Capitalism - De Beers not Diggers Democracy Compound System Black People must become Workers not Peasants Critical Role of White Traders Emergence of Kwa Teba
RESERVE ECONOMY • Migrant Labour is Cheap Labour • Job Reservation – Blasting Certificates • 1913 Land Act
Jeff Peires CORY LIBRARY • 046-603-8373 • j.peires@ru.ac.za