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Aristotle’s Three Ways to Persuade

Aristotle’s Three Ways to Persuade. Ethos Logos Pathos. Who is Aristotle?. Aristotle ( 384-322 BCE ) Educated by Plato. Wrote on logic, philosophy, and rhetoric. What is rhetoric?. Rhetoric is the art of persuasion .

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Aristotle’s Three Ways to Persuade

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  1. Aristotle’s Three Ways to Persuade Ethos Logos Pathos

  2. Who is Aristotle? Aristotle (384-322 BCE) • Educated by Plato. • Wrote on logic, philosophy, and rhetoric.

  3. What is rhetoric? Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. The goal of persuasion is to change others’ point of view or to move others to take action.

  4. What is ethos, logos, and pathos? Ethos = Ethics ( the speaker’s Image, Character) Logos = Logic (Proven Facts, Thought) Pathos = Emotions (Feelings, Passion)

  5. Ethos Ethos is an argument based on character of the speaker. Using ethos means the writer or speaker appeals to the audience’s sense of ethical behavior. The writer or speaker presents him or herself to the audience as credible, trustworthy, honest and ethical.

  6. Ethos

  7. Ethos Example In the following example, note how Nancy Mairs establishes her credibility, trustworthiness and authority to write about this subject by being honest. Mairs admits she is uncertain about her own motives and shows she understands the discomfort others’ have with this subject.

  8. Ethos Examples People—crippled or not—wince at the word “cripple,” as they do not at “handicapped” or “disabled.” Perhaps I want them to wince. I want them to see me as a tough customer, one to whom the fates/gods/viruses have not been kind, but who can face the brutal truth of her existence squarely. As a cripple, I swagger. —Nancy Mairs, “On Being a Cripple”

  9. Review Ethos = Ethics / Image Ethos is an argument based on character. The writer or speaker presents him or herself to the reader as credible, trustworthy, honest and ethical.

  10. Why would this image represent Ethos?

  11. Logos

  12. Logos Logos is an argument based on facts, evidence, and reasoning. Using logos means appealing to the readers’ sense of what is logical.

  13. Logos Example In the following example, Ian Ayers argues against labeling “single-person” restrooms Men’s or Women’s. Ayers uses logical comparisons, reasoning, and precedent (what has come before) to establish a logical argument.

  14. Logos Example We don’t have single-sex toilets at home, and we don’t need them at the office. Then there’s also the small question of efficiency. [Why should people wait to use a designated bathroom when an equal] toilet is unoccupied [?] Which is precisely why Delta Airlines doesn’t label those two bathrooms at the back of the plane as being solely for men or women. It just wouldn’t fly”

  15. Consider: how does this image represent logos?

  16. Review Logos = logic Logos is an argument based on facts, evidence and reason. Using logos means appealing to the readers’ sense of what is logical.

  17. Pathos Pathos = argument based on feelings Using pathos means appealing to readers’ emotions and feelings.

  18. Pathos

  19. Pathos Example In the following example from a speech by Winston Churchill, note the use of anaphora (repetition of a word or group of words at the beginning of items in a series). This repetition emphasizes the point and expresses passion and emotion. Moreover, the repetition affects the audience emotionally.

  20. Pathos Example We shall go on to the end! We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air! We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. —Winston Churchill, speech to the House of Commons, June 4, 1940 Begin at 11:10

  21. Review Pathos = argument based on feelings Using pathos means appealing to readers’ emotions and feelings.

  22. Pathos, Ethos, Logos

  23. Drink milk. The protein helps build muscle and some studies suggest teens who choose it tend to be leaner.

  24. Ethos, Logos, or Pathos?

  25. Pathos Logos

  26. Pathos Ethos Logos Ethos

  27. What do you recall? Define… 1. Ethos 2. Logos 3. Pathos 4. Which one does not specifically have to do with the message itself? Why? 5. What do you think? Do we decide based more on logic or on emotion?

  28. 6. 8. 7. 8.

  29. Pathos Ethos Logos Ethos

  30. “How Do I Decide?” Phineas Gage

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