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National Product and Its Fluctuation. Striving For Excellence. NATIONAL INCOME National Income Accounting and Determination NATIONAL INCOME APPROACH Production Approach = value added approach. Y = P1Q1 + P2Q2 + ...+ PnQn. 2. Income Approach. Y = Yw + Yr + Yi + Yp)
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National Product and Its Fluctuation Striving For Excellence
NATIONAL INCOME • National Income Accounting and Determination • NATIONAL INCOME APPROACH • Production Approach = value added approach. • Y = P1Q1 + P2Q2 + ...+ PnQn. • 2. Income Approach. • Y = Yw + Yr + Yi + Yp) • 3. Expenditure Approach. • Y = C + I + G + (X-M) • Warning: • 1. Price • 2. Underground Economy. • 3. Intermediate Product (value Added System). Striving For Excellence
PN RIILPN YG DIHIT ATAS DASAR HARGA KONSTAN • PN NOMINAL YG YG DIHIT ATAS DASAR HARGA BERLAKU/HARGA PASAR • PDB riil t= (PDB nominalt/IH)t x 100 • Menghitpertumbekonomi: • (PDB t – PDB t-1)/ PDB) x 100 • UNDERGROUND ECONOMYDO IT YOUR SELF PRODUCTION, BARTER • INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT (VALUE ADDED SYSTEM) YG DIHIT ADL NILAI DARI FINAL PRODUCT Striving For Excellence
PDB KONSTAN 2006-2010 • PDB HARGA BERLAKU 2006-2010 • IHK 2006-2010 • MENCARI KONSEP2 PENDAPATAN NASIONAL DAN KETERKAITANNYA • GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP} • GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT (GNP) • NET NATIONAL PRODUCT (NNP) • NATIONAL INCOME (NI) • PERSONAL INCOME (PI) • PERSONAL DISPOSABLE INCOME (DI) Striving For Excellence
FAKTOR PRODUKSI: • FP TENAGA KERJAUPAH/GAJI (WAGE/w) • FP TANAHSEWA (RENT/r) • FP MODAL/KAPITALBUNGA/INTEREST/i • FP KEWIRAUSAHAANLABA/PROFIT ()
4 SEKTOR DALAM PEREKONOMIAN: SEKTOR RUMAH TANGGA (HOUSEHOLD SECTOR)PENGELUARAN KONSUMSI (C). SEKTOR BISNIS/SWASTA (BUSINESS SECTOR) PENGELUARAN INVESTASI (I). SEKTOR PEMERINTAH (GOVERNMENT SECTOR)PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH (G) SEKTOR LUAR NEGERI (FOREIGN SECTOR)NET EXPORT (X-M)
NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION 1. Aggregate 2. Decision makerssectors. -Household Sector. -Business Sector. -Government Sector. -Foreign Sector. 3. Every dollar spent by someone becomes revenue to anothers. 4. The flow of Monetary spending. Striving For Excellence
GNP EKSPANSIUPPER TURNING POINTKRISISRESESI/DEPRESILOWER TURNING POINTRECOVERY/REVIVAL Striving For Excellence
NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION Agreggate Expenditure -Household SectorCONSUMPTION (C) -Business SectorINVESMENT (I) -Government SectorGOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE FOR GOODS AND SERVICES (G) -Foreign SectorNET EXPORT (X-M)
NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION CONSUMPTION (C) C = f (Y) C = Co + cY Y = Pendapatan C = Tingkat Konsumsi Co = Autonomos Consumption c = Kecenderungan konsumsi (mpc = marginal propensity to consume)mpc= C/Y menunjukkan seberapa besar kenaikan konsumsi akibat kenaikan pendapatan sebesar 1 unitterletak antara 0-1.
NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION C C = Co + cY DC DY Co Y
NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION CONSUMPTION AND SAVING Y = C + S S = Y – C S = Y – (Co – cY) S = Y – Co – cY S = -Co + (1- c)Y S = -Co + sY.
NATIONAL INCOME ANALYSIS AND DETERMINATION CONSUMPTION AND SAVING Y = Pendapatan S = Tingkat Tabungan -Co = So = Autonomos Saving 1-c = s = Kecenderungan menabung (mps = marginal propensity to save)mpc= S/Y menunjukkan seberapa besar kenaikan tabungan akibat kenaikan pendapatan sebesar 1 unitterletak antara 0-1. MPC + MPS = 1
C = 50 + 0.75Y I = 50 Y KESEIMBANGAN? POSISI KESEIMBANGANY = AE (AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE) Y = C + I Y = 50 + 0.75Y + 50 Y – 0.75Y = 50 + 50 (1- 0.75)Y = 100 0.25Y=100 Y= 400
C = 50 + 0.75Y I = 50 Y KESEIMBANGAN? POSISI KESEIMBANGANY = AE (AGGREGATE EXPENDITURE) Y = C + I Y = 50 + 0.75Y + 50 Y – 0.75Y = 50 + 50 (1- 0.75)Y = 100 0.25Y=100 Y= 400
PEND SUNTIKAN DAN BOCORAN Y = C +I Y= C + S C+I = C+SI=S C = 50 + 0.75YS=-50+0.25Y I = S 50 = -50+0.25Y 0.25Y=100 Y= 100/0.25=400
C = 50 + 0.75Y I = 50 G = 100 Tx=50+0.2Y Tr=20 dG=50 (tidak dibiayai dg pajak) dG=50 (yg dibiayai dg pajak lumpsum)
DUA SEKTOR Y = C + I TIGA SEKTOR Y = C + I + G EMPAT SEKTOR Y = C + I + G + (X – M)
CAMPUR TANGAN PEM • 1. PAJAK • LUMPSUM:BESARNYA DITENTUKAN, MIS :50 • PROPORSIONAL: PEM MENENTUKAN TARIF PAJAK • PJK PROGRESIF: TARIF NAIK SERING DG KENAIKAN PEND • PJK REGRESIF:TARIF PAJAK MENURUN SEIRINMG KENAIKAN PEND. • PJK PROPORSIONAL: TARIF PAJAK SAMA UTK SEMUA TK PEND. • 2. TRANSFER PAYMENT (Tr)PENGALIHAN DAYA BELI DR PEM KPD MASY, CONTOH: BLT, BEASISWA