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Whirling Dervishes

Whirling Dervishes. EQ: What was the impact of Bantu migration?. Define. savannah Desertification Bantu Oral tradition Slash and burn. Bantu Migration. All ethnicities originate from Africa By 2,500 B.C. Sahara savannah dried out - desertification

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Whirling Dervishes

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  1. Whirling Dervishes

  2. EQ: What was the impact of Bantu migration?

  3. Define savannah Desertification Bantu Oral tradition Slash and burn

  4. Bantu Migration • All ethnicities originate from Africa • By 2,500 B.C. Sahara savannah dried out - desertification • Caused peoples to search for better farmlands • West African tribes migrated between 1000 B.C. and 1000 A.D. to the east • Their language forms the basis for many African languages

  5. Bantu and Khoisan - hunter gatherer tribes of 20-30 people • Hunted small game • Ate roots and wild vegetables • After migrations, people began to farm • Slash and Burn agriculture was the best way to renew depleted soil • Slowly moved to stationary agriculture practices and domestication of animals • History passed down by oral tradition – much of the history of people before the major empires is lost

  6. Ghana 790-1240 A.D. Controlled salt trade Rich Kingdom Trade with Muslims influenced them to become Muslims Never conquered by muslim countries African Kingdoms C

  7. Mali 1200-1600 A.D. • Began as part of Ghana Kingdom • United by Sundiata • Then he took over Mali • Grandson Mansa Musa takes over • Makes pilgramage to Mecca C

  8. Songhai 1340-1581 A.D. • Sonni Ali first leader • Askia Muhammad first Muslim leader • Expanded territory • Made pilgrimage to Mecca C

  9. Nubian Kingdom • Capital at Meroë • Nubians were influenced by Egyptians and vice versa • Gold, ivory, animal skins, and lumber • Rich in iron ore Nubian Empire

  10. North African Kingdoms • Controlled by Carthaginians, then Romans • Romans built aqueducts, roads, dams and cities How do you think this impacted development of African kingdoms in North Africa? • Spread Christianity to North Africa • Spread technology to N. Africa

  11. Trade Routes of Ancient Africa • Salt = gold - used as preservative - used to bake bread -taxed by governments - used as currency -made rotting or poor quality foods taste better - kept people from dehydrating

  12. Other Trade Items • Ivory • Gold • Hides and skins • All African Kingdoms based their power on trade economies • Used camels in caravans

  13. Cloth came from tree bark and animal skins Ancient Society - Cloth

  14. Wove cloth from cotton or linen • Used indigo, purple/blue color, to dye it

  15. Batik – method of dying cloth with wax • Akunintam - pictograms on cloth

  16. Weaving – method same to today • On a loom, often done by hand • Kente cloth – Ashanti tribes

  17. St. Augustine very influential thinker in Christianity • Concept of original sin • “just war” • Firstly, war must occur for a good and just purpose rather than for self-gain or as an exercise of power. • Secondly, just war must be waged by a properly instituted authority such as the state. • Thirdly, love must be a central motive even in the midst of violence Based on this criteria, write 2 sentences in your own words on what kinds of war, or what reasons for going to war, are “just” according to what St. Augustine said.

  18. Ancient Society - Families • Family was important structure • Nuclear family most important • Trade was based on family lineage – called tribes • Tribes of about 20-30 people • Friendship – not as important as families in Ancient African stories

  19. Ancient Society – Rich vs Poor • Slavery – most kings had slaves • During Mali and Songhai Empires – captured Bantu people as slaves in salt mines • Gap between rich and poor south of the Sahara wasn’t as great • Slave trade increased to Europeans and Arabs during Mali Empire

  20. Christianity, Islam, and African Religions • Ancient religions worshiped ancestors • Traders brought Islam to African kingdoms • Romans brought Christianity to North Africa • African religions become monotheistic

  21. Family Structures • Section 3. Read this section. Take notes on how families were organized in ancient Africa. Then answer this question: How were families organized in Ancient Africa?

  22. Review • What does Mansa mean? • What is an outpost? • Why did Bantu tribes migrate south? • What major journey did Mansa Musa make? • What was the major trade item of West and South Africans?

  23. Greeks – Ch.5 Sumerians – Ch.2 Romans – Ch.6 Umayyad – Ch.11 Abbasids – Ch.11 One picture and caption for each African tribe List the major leader of that tribe List any one major contribution – military, science, arts, etc. • African tribes start and end dates: • Bantu –p.281 • Ghana – p.285 • Mali – p. 285 • Songhai – p. 287 • Nubian – p. 281 African Cultures Timeline Timelines must include: (due at end of class) Dates for the following Cultures:

  24. Define • Patrilineal • Matrilineal • Nuclear family • Griots • Slash and burn agriculture

  25. EQ: How were families organized in Ancient Africa?

  26. EQ1: How did Ancient African religions combine Christianity and Islam? EQ2: How were families organized in Ancient Africa?

  27. CNN News Quiz 3d • What product do the “big three” manufacture? • Why did the school in Haiti collapse, killing more than 70 students? • What percentage of teens say they text message while driving? • What hurricane hit Cuba 3 days ago? • Who was the first president to live in the white house? • What happened during the Holocaust? • What does one little boy do during football games in Texas? • How many justices are on the Supreme Court?

  28. CNN News Quiz • What product do the “big three” manufacture? • Why did the school in Haiti collapse, killing more than 70 students? • What percentage of teens say they text message while driving? • Tickets to which event are selling for upwards of $10,000? • What is the unemployment rate in the U.S. today? • In which country did a CEO take a pay cut along with his employees? • What is severance pay? • Of the $700 billion bailout, how much is not being spent?

  29. TEST!!! You must write the question or write your answer in a complete sentence (example below in number 1). 14. How did Christianity spread to Africa? 15. What is slash and burn agriculture? 16. Name two reasons why salt is important to Ancient people everywhere? 17. Name some other trade items Africans might have traded with Europeans and Arabs. 18. Describe the lifestyle of a hunter-gatherer. 19. Who were the Nubians? 20. Name two reasons why war is just – according to St. Augustine. 21. Name the three major empires that ruled West Africa. 22. Which direction did the Ancient Bantu travel? 23. How did the Bantu impact later cultures? 24. Define colonialism. 25. What are the 3 main reasons Europeans colonized Africa? • What idea about Christianity did St. Augustine come up with? (St. Augustine came up with the idea about Christianity that says…..) • What idea about war did St. Augustine invent? • In Africa, how did salt production impact kingdoms. • In Africa, which empires became rich because they had gold reserves? 5. Why did Bantu tribes migrate south? 6.Define desertification. 7. What extravagant thing did Mansu Musa do that put Mali on the map? 8. What type of dye is used to color clothes deep blue or purple and was an African trade item? 9. Describe two ways in which the Romans impacted North Africa? 10. What item did Ancient Africans make their cloth from? 11. Describe Batik fabric. 12. Describe Akunintam fabric? 13. How did Islam spread to Africa ? Extra Credit. The time period from about the 1500’s to the 1800’s, when many Africans died at the hands of European colonists is sometimes called the _____________________.

  30. 5. T or F: Africans owned black and white slaves. 6. Define a nuclear family. 7. What is a griot? 8. Why did Bantu tribes migrate south? 9. Define desertification. 10. How did Mansu Musa put Mali on the map?

  31. 11. What type of dye is used to color clothes deep blue or purple and was an African trade item? 12. African tribes worships these people as their Gods. 13. T or F: Friendship was more important than family in Ancient Africa. 14. What is Bantu? 15. Describe family life in Ancient Africa.

  32. 16. How did the Romans impact North Africa? 17. What is an outpost? 18. What strange item did Ancient Africans make their cloth from? 19. Describe Batik fabric. 20. What is Akunintam?

  33. 21. How did Christianity and Islam change African religions? 23. How did Islam and Christianity come to Africa in the first place? 24. What is slash and burn agriculture? 25. Why are camels best suited for desert travel?

  34. 26. Why is salt important to Ancient people everywhere? 27. Name some other trade items Africans might have traded with Europeans and Arabs. 28. What is a patrilineal society? 29. Describe the lifestyle of a hunter-gatherer. 30. Who were the Nubians?

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