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Whirling Disease

Whirling Disease. By Linda Tucker. Background Information. Myxobolus cerebralis Native to Europe and first described in 1903 Currently found in Europe, United States, northern Asia, New Zealand, Morocco, Lebanon, and South Africa First confirmed in the United States in 1958 in Pennsylvania

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Whirling Disease

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  1. Whirling Disease By Linda Tucker

  2. Background Information • Myxoboluscerebralis • Native to Europe and first described in 1903 • Currently found in Europe, United States, northern Asia, New Zealand, Morocco, Lebanon, and South Africa • First confirmed in the United States in 1958 in Pennsylvania • Has spread to 25 states

  3. Life Cycle of M. cerebralis

  4. Life Cycle of M. cerebralis

  5. Life Cycle of M. cerebralis

  6. Life Cycle of M. cerebralis

  7. Effects on Fish • Only affects salmonid species • Younger fish are more susceptible than older fish • Rainbow Trout is the most susceptible species • Symptoms include skeletal deformities, black tails, and whirling behavior • Can slow growth and increase mortality

  8. Spinal Deformity and Black Tail

  9. Head Deformity

  10. Whirling Behavior

  11. Impacts on Wild Populations • Wild populations declined in Western U.S. • Eastern and western coastal populations stable • Decline of single trout species can lead to community composition changes • Food web affected

  12. Impacts on Fish Hatcheries • Destruction of infected fish • Disinfection and renovation of facilities • Closure of some facilities • Money lost and money spent

  13. Prevention in the Wild • Wash and dry all equipment when moving between bodies of water • Don’t transfer live fish from one place to another • Dispose of unused bait in the trash • Never discard fish parts near the water

  14. Prevention in Fish Hatcheries • Only use groundwater sources for water • Purchase fish that are certified to be whirling disease free • Line raceways with concrete • Frequently clean solids from settling areas

  15. Treatment • There is no treatment for infected fish • Remove infected fish • Disinfect • Follow prevention methods to avoid reintroduction

  16. Questions?

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