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Zero emission cities – what can electric vehicles deliver?

Zero emission cities – what can electric vehicles deliver?. Care4Air – Clearer Futures Conference Sheffield, 17 th September 2009. Andrew Whittles - Steve Carroll Cenex September 2009. Zero emission cities Introduction. Introduction to Cenex

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Zero emission cities – what can electric vehicles deliver?

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  1. Zero emission cities – what can electric vehicles deliver? Care4Air – Clearer Futures Conference Sheffield, 17th September 2009 Andrew Whittles - Steve Carroll Cenex September 2009

  2. Zero emission citiesIntroduction • Introduction to Cenex • Analysis and statistics on electric vehicle suitability • Road mapping future electric vehicle (EV) technology • Government supported EV incentives and initiatives • EV laboratory and real world performance • EV CO2 emissions • DFT consultation feedback on point of purchase EV subsidy

  3. Zero emission citiesIntroduction to Cenex • Formed in 2005 by industry members in response to a BERR request for a Centre of Excellence for Low Carbon and Fuel Cell Technologies to address twin challenges: • Need to cut carbon emissions from road transport • Need to maintain UK competitiveness during the transition to a low carbon economy • Not an R&D Centre of Excellence • Cenex – supporting (the UK supply chain) by brokering technology demonstration and public procurement projects • Managing the multiple Low Carbon Vehicle Programmes • Provide Low Carbon Vehicle consultancy services

  4. Zero emission citiesDFT Low Carbon Transport : A Greener Future • A carbon reduction strategy for transport to meet the overall Climate Change Act target of 80% reduction in CO2 by 2050 • Transport accounts for 21% of UK CO2 emissions • Road travel accounts for 92% of the transport sector’s greenhouse gas emissions. 58% of emissions provided by passenger cars Source – DFT Low carbon transport: A greener future 2009

  5. Zero emission citiesDFT Low Carbon Transport : A Greener Future • A carbon reduction strategy for transport to meet the overall Climate Change Act target of 80% reduction in CO2 by 2050 • 77% of passenger car emissions are produced by journeys under 50 miles • 88% of passenger car emissions are produced by journeys under 100 miles Source – DFT Low carbon transport: A greener future 2009

  6. Zero emission citiesNAIGT road map Source – An independent report on the future of the Automotive industry NAIGT

  7. Zero emission citiesA selection of current and planned EV / PHEV incentives • Test bed UK - Government lead initiative to form collaborative environment to make the UK world leading destination to develop, demonstrate, manufacture and use ultra low carbon vehicles. ~ £400 million committed to electrification of transport • The joined-cities plan - Working with a nine cities (Glasgow, Newcastle, Sunderland, Middlesbrough, Birmingham, Coventry, Milton Keynes, Oxford, London) and their Distribution Network Operators to deliver network of recharging infrastructure, additional outcome will be ETI infrastructure planning toolkit to inform decision making. • Ultra-low carbon cars (DFT) - £250 million for (£2 – 5k) point of purchase price reductions on price of EV an PHEV due 2011 • Plugged in places - £20 million seed funding to initiate a variety of charging initiatives' to determine the pros cons and success of varied methods (slow charge, fast charging, inductive charging...) • Low Carbon Vehicle Public Procurement Programme - Cenex are delivering a £20 million procurement programme introducing electric and hybrid vans to public sector organisations during 2010 (Smiths, Allied, Modec and Ashwoods)

  8. Zero emission citiesJoined-up thinking – reducing transport emissions • Transportation emissions - transferring emissions from cities to power stations - decarbonisation of electricity production through grid through nuclear, renewables, carbon capture and storage to fossil fuelled power stations - common clean-up equipment for air quality emissions • Further work required to support increased electricity demand • - the development of smart metering systems which are able to automatically select charging times and tariffs • - local network upgrading • - Vehicle-to-grid. Power stored in vehicle batteries could be sold to electricity grid. Management regime required to ensure acceptable charge depletion. Payment would need to cover additional cycling battery costs

  9. Zero emission citiesCenex vehicle trials • smart ed, support of pre-commercial trial 100 vehicles, 4 with Cenex • Brushless PM machine (limited to 20kW) • 12kWh high-temp ‘Zebra’ battery • Mitsubishi i-MiEV, demonstration introduction to the UK • Brushless PM machine (47kW) • 16kWh ‘Lithium-ion’ battery

  10. Zero emission citiesCenex – smart ed laboratory range testing • ECE Regulation 101 (NEDC cycle) test gave 114 km range • On the Artemis Urban cycle the vehicle achieved 114.68 km, and 105.66 km on the Artemis Road cycle. • All cycles showed approximately linear state of charge (SOC) decline against time.

  11. Zero emission citiesCenex – smart ed operational characteristics Full study - 32 drivers (5 regular), 6 months, >3000km • Typical urban duty ~19km • 6.6kW mean motoring power, 1kW regen. • ~24% SoC consumed

  12. Zero emission citiesCenex – smart ed CO2 and cost/km Low utilisation = high equivalent CO2 emissions & high running costs High utilisation gives good performance e.g. 12 hour overnight charge requires daily mileage of >48km to achieve <100g CO2/km

  13. Zero emission citiesCenex – smart ed CO2 and cost/km i MiEV CO2 & cost /km, Lack of measurement resolution on short trips. False gradient? Averages 115gCO2e/km (2009) 92gCO2e/km (2019) Cost effective i MiEV 1.5 – 5.6p/km Std ICE 7 – 8 p/km

  14. Zero emission citiesConclusions and further information • UK EV registrations currently low. But, CO2 policy plans suggest a rapid expansion • Official statistics show today’s EVs can cover approx 77% of passenger car journeys, future EVs and PHEVs can cover 100% of passenger car journeys • EVs offer zero tailpipe emissions • Electricity grid decarbonisation and smarting can deliver total low carbon vehicle solution • smart ed - stable range (114 km) in laboratory - real world variance (~ 50 – 80 km) • smart ed - real life equivCO2 emissions and running cost are highly dependent on utilisation and carbon intensity of the electricity grid • Mitsubishi i-MiEV - equivCO2 savings and significant cost savings, again decarbonised electricity helps • Cenex / Arup electrification of transport study • www.cenex.co.uk Consultancy- Electrification study • Electric drive vehicle deployment in the UK (smart and i-MiEV) • www.cenex.co.uk Projects– smart

  15. Ultra-low carbon cars: Next steps on delivering the £250 million consumer incentive programme for electric and plug-in hybrid cars Sheffield Care 4 Air consultation exercise

  16. ‘Ultra-Low Carbon Vehicles in the UK’ April 09 - DfT/BIS vision document - Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) - £400m Govt measures to accelerate transition to ULCV - Position UK as global leaders in development, demonstration, manufacture and use Eg. TSB Low Carbon Vehicle Innovation Platform DfT Low Carbon Vehicle Public Procurement Programme

  17. Key measure to support early consumer market for electric and plug-in hybrid cars £250 million £230m for point of purchase price reductions - £2000 to £5000 - Scheduled to start 2011 £20 million to help deliver charging points Further £10 million supplement through Strategic Investment Fund “Plugged in Places” Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Framework

  18. The Alternative FuelsInfrastructure Grant Programme provides funding for the installation of re-charging or re-fuelling systems to facilitate the uptake of low emission vehicles in the UK. The IGP is funded by the Department for Transport and is managed by Cenex – the UK Centre of Excellence for Low Carbon and Fuel Cell Technologies. A total of £1 million has been made available for projects. The Programme will run initially until 31st March 2011 and applicants can apply for a grant up to 50% of the eligible cost, payable on completion of the project or following the delivery of key phases of large projects. All projects will be assessed against five key criteria by an independent programme board. The IGP is a window-based application process, and funding bids should be submitted by the following deadlines:

  19. Plugged in Places: 3 to 6 regions or cities to become frontrunners in trialling and adoption of EV infrastructure Plans co-ordinated with arrival and use of EV Facilitate early market plus learning benefits Consortia made up of LAs, RDAs, private sect. Open access framework to foster co-operation Funding available from April 2010 Slow starters not excluded

  20. Plugged in Places: Funding criteria fall under 5 broad headings - Building the local market - Implementing technology (innovation) - Consortia Funding - Integration of re-charging facilities - Information sharing Regional & local stakeholders invited to briefing in Autumn Bids submitted by end of year State aid!

  21. Question 1: When available, would you consider buying an EV? As your primary vehicle As a second vehicle Not at all

  22. Question 2: What would influence your decision to buy an EV? (please rank in order) Price of vehicle Running cost Choice of available vehicles Availability of re-charging infrastructure Vehicle reliability & performance Emission benefits

  23. Question 3: Would a £2k to £5k consumer incentive affect your decision to buy an EV? Yes No Depends on vehicle cost/level of grant

  24. Question 4: If funding was available to subsidise the purchase of EV/PHEV, what would be the best way to use the funding? Reimbursement after vehicle payment Upfront vehicle voucher Dealership discounts, where dealer does paperwork Provide competitive support to industry eg. directly to manufacturers, lease, hire and fleet management companies

  25. Question 5: Would your organisation seriously consider joining a consortia to bid for Plugged in Places funding? Yes No Need more information f) Name/type of organisation

  26. Question 6: What are the key barriers to bidding to join Plugged in Places? (choose 3 most important) Availability of consortia funding Ability to work in partnership Resistance to technology Higher emission reduction priorities Timescales for bidding Other (please state)

  27. Question 7: Are you or your organisation currently considering an application for funding through the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Grant Programme for re-charging facilities? Yes No f) Name of organisation/individual

  28. …….questions and comments?

  29. Consultation responses to: LowCarbonVehicles@dft.gsi.gov.uk PluggedInPlaces@dft.gsi.gov.uk By end September 2009

  30. Thank you for your attention www.cenex.co.uk

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