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PDAs: Pretty Darn Amazing! – Paperless Data Acquisition Using Personal Digital Assistants

PDAs: Pretty Darn Amazing! – Paperless Data Acquisition Using Personal Digital Assistants. Adam Wolkon, MPH RBM-MERG Meeting Lusaka, Zambia 11 September 2008/5 Pagumie 2000. Organization of presentation. Terms Tools Concepts/Methods PDA-based surveys Use of GPS for sampling

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PDAs: Pretty Darn Amazing! – Paperless Data Acquisition Using Personal Digital Assistants

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  1. PDAs: Pretty Darn Amazing! – Paperless Data Acquisition Using Personal Digital Assistants Adam Wolkon, MPH RBM-MERG Meeting Lusaka, Zambia 11 September 2008/5 Pagumie 2000 RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  2. Organization of presentation • Terms • Tools • Concepts/Methods • PDA-based surveys • Use of GPS for sampling • Applications • Additional peripherals RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  3. Geek Speak (Terms) PDA – Personal Digital Assistant – Small computer (in this case, used for sampling and data collection) Stylus – Small pen-like instrument for entering data into the PDA SD Card – Secure Digital memory card for data backup GPS – Global Positioning System – Used to map and locate households (HHs) RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  4. Meet the Tools PDA GPS SD Card and Stylus RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  5. Concept/Methods PDA-based surveys RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  6. Program Design Instrument Pretest Questions Adapt for PDA Pretest on PDAs PDA type: Windows Mobile Palm Other Skip patterns, flow Check skip patterns Determine need for relational DB Check database Software for dev. Visual CE Visual Studio PenDragon Forms EpiHandy EpiSurveyor Others Determine need to specify “other” Determine language Methods for Surveys on PDAs RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  7. Action buttons Drop-down lists Force answers to be entered Surveys on PDAs RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  8. Pop-up alternate languages Surveys on PDAs Numeric entry RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  9. Check for outliers Instant Data Checks Check for impossible answers RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  10. Multi-select Text entry Tap on an image to assign a value Additional Data Entry RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  11. Concept/Methods GPS for sampling (or other purposes) RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  12. (Not my picture, but I don’t know the source) Sampling a Village with PDA/GPS • Map all the households (HH) in a village • Tell the program how many HHs to sample from the village • Use built-in navigation program to return to selected HHs RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  13. Togo Methods (Sampling) • Use PPS to select : • Province • District • Enumeration area/ village RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  14. Methods (Sampling) • Use SRS to select HHs RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  15. GPS Mapping Program (GPS Sample) • Designed for rapid use • Program checks the CF-GPS unit for a valid reading • Mapping the Stone House in Nairobi, Kenya RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  16. GPS Merging Program (GPS Sample) • Multiple people can split up and map one area • Data merged by infrared/Bluetooth beaming • Random sample selected from merged data RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  17. GPS Navigation Software (GPS Sample) • GPS guides the interviewer back the selected HHs • HH selection directly inserts selected HHs to survey module • Lists HH ID’s with distance and compass direction /pointer • Provides a map of HHs • Can mark HH off list • Can divide a list among team members RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  18. GPS Navigation Software (GPS Sample) RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  19. Data collection Data entry Treatment algorithms (e.g. IMCI) Transmit field data in live time Bench microscopy aid? Specimen type Drill down questions and images Applications RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  20. Togo 2 coverage surveys 2 anemia surveys Niger 2 coverage surveys Mozambique Coverage survey Kenya Coverage survey Syndrome surveillance: 60,000 people surveyed every 2 weeks using 30 PDAs/interviewers Malaria Indicator Survey Ethiopia Malaria Indicator Survey Malawi Coverage and anemia surveys Zambia Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) Tanzania Coverage survey Benin Modified MIS American Samoa Lymphatic filariasis surveys Sierra Leone Coverage Survey Surveys ConductedUsing GPS Component RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  21. Surveys Conducted,Non-GPS • Zambia • 2 coverage surveys • Congo • 3 coverage surveys • Bench-aid development (data entry for bioassay results) • Indonesia • Multi-faceted health indicator survey post-tsunami • Sudan • Guinea worm survey • Louisiana • Post-Katrina public health assessment RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  22. Power options: Additional Peripherals RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  23. Other optional add-ons: Additional Peripherals RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  24. Limitations • Requires upfront time to program survey and build in data checks (time depends greatly on length and complexity of instrument) • Since it is electronic, perception that it is ok to keep changing the survey until the last minute – Not true! RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

  25. PDAs: Are fast, accurate data collection devices Are an option in a wide variety of environments No data entry costs or double data entry PDAs: Are not a one size fits all solution Cannot overcome a poorly designed instrument Conclusions RBM-MERG Malaria Indicator Training Workshop, 9th-12th September 2008, Lusaka, Zambia

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