1983

1. First mass-produced PDA(Personal Digital Assistant/ palmtop) Palm Pilot First Integrated PDA-GPSreceivers Garmin iQue 3600 First mass-produced Tablet PC Ipad Smartphone (PDA + email) Blackberry 5810 World’s First Mobile Phone Motorola DynaTAC 8000X Multi Touch screen Iphone First handheld GPS Garmin Etrex First phone using WAP(Wireless Application Protocol) Nokia 7110 First phone using3 G (i.e. better bandwidth) Nokia 7110 Android (open source mobile OS) HTC G1 World’s First Mass-Produced GSM Phone Nokia 1011 1983 1992 1998 1999 1996 2008 2002 2003 2007 2010

2. “Paper Forms” versus “Electronic forms” Introduction Increased accuracy of data – no logical errors through inbuilt validation rules and skip patterns, no omissions, no ambiguous data through illegibility Saving time - eliminates the need for secondary data entry Efficient data transmission – data is transmitted fast and accurately directly to the database Richer data - capture GPS data, take pictures, record sound, scan bar codes Pre-set values -(e.g. date of data collection, GPS coordinates) or automated calculations (e.g. family size.

3. Challenges Introduction mobilization and acceptance of all stakeholders time will need to be added to the front end of the project communication with HQ technical back office and/or a locally available skilled Data Manager. linear manner (starting at question #1 and proceeding in order to the end of the questionnaire) specific asset management budget to procure the mobile devices or to access a pool of devices power sources need to be planned. community’s perception difficult to protect sensitive data. Data loss can occur. The risk of this can be somewhat mitigated by testing devices and training.  Governments or non-state actors may prohibit or restrict mobile device use in some locations.

4. Favourable situation Introduction Situations in which alarge volume of datawill be collected. The return on investment for mobile data collection is much greater when a large volume of data is collected; if only a few data collection forms are collected, an approach using paper data collection forms may be faster and less expensive (please see annex for simulation sheet). Data collection forms that primarily useclosed, not open, questions. When recording large amounts of qualitative data, pen or traditional laptop keyboard may be more appropriate. Projects in which there is a Technical Focal Point willing to learn about new technologies. Situations in which recording information on mobile devices does not present a safety risk to the data collector.[ Situations in which there are many or recurrent surveys conducted, so that the training investment in data collectors can be maximized over the span of multiple projects.