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Jacksonian Democracy

Jacksonian Democracy. Mr. Calella American Studies I/U.S. History I (H). Popular Politics. Jacksonian Democracy All white men (no property requirement) More egalitarian Common Man not limited in ability Rise of political parties Educate masses (newspapers, rallies, speeches)

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Jacksonian Democracy

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  1. Jacksonian Democracy Mr. Calella American Studies I/U.S. History I (H)

  2. Popular Politics • Jacksonian Democracy • All white men (no property requirement) • More egalitarian • Common Man not limited in ability • Rise of political parties • Educate masses (newspapers, rallies, speeches) • Organize structure of campaigns • The Spoils System • Democrats and Whigs

  3. The Election of 1828 • Campaign began right after “Corrupt Bargain” • Jackson-military career, Adams’ enemies • Adams-intelligence and diplomacy • “Smear Politics”-character, not issues • Adams is an elitist, spoke over heads, corrupt bargain, sold US sex slave to Czar • Jackson is tyrant, bastard son of prostitute, drunk, gambler, violent, seducer/adulterer (this kills wife) • Jackson wins and Calhoun becomes VP

  4. Jackson’s Agenda • Revenge for Rachel’s death • Jackson’s appeal • Appealed to the common man, b/c he was one • Tough guy-military and duels • Big inauguration party at White House • He was both AVERAGE and IDEAL • Spoils System • “To the victors, go the spoils” • “Kitchen Cabinet” • Limit federal gov’t to save $

  5. Tariff of Abominations • What is a tariff? Purpose? • Gov’t imposed high tariffs on iron and textile imports-WHY? • What do you think Europeans did in response when Southerners exported cotton to them? • How else did the South get hurt by tariffs? • So, based on these findings, how do you think the South felt about tariffs?

  6. Nullification • 1828, SC politicians led by Calhoun • The Theory • States retained some of their sovereignty under the Constitution • States could NULLIFY acts of Congress when Congress overstepped its bounds • Calhoun felt that Congress overstepped its bounds when it came to the tariff • 1829, Jackson became president and ignored Calhoun

  7. Nullification (continued) • 1832, Calhoun resigns as VP and becomes SC state senator • He then uses nullification to declare tariff null and void • Jackson wants to hang Calhoun and supporters for treason • Jackson send navy to Charleston Harbor • Clay saves day again by getting Congress to lower tariff (SC withdraws nullification) • War avoided

  8. The 2nd Bank of the United States (BUS) • Becomes the main issue of the 1832 Election • Nicholas Biddle manager of BUS • BUS not created by Constitution, but it started to control the lending policies of state banks • BUS was acting like the government’s central bank because it dictated whether state and local banks made loans • BUS checked small, local banks and thus stabilized the entire national economy-small banks did not take risks and make “bad” loans

  9. BUS (continued) • Many distrusted BUS because run by elites • Jackson and the hated it because it limited loans to common man (limit American dream) • BUS only protected interests of rich at expense of common man; corrupt • National Republicans (Whigs) wanted to use BUS issue to beat Jackson in 1832 • Whigs got Congress to renew BUS charter in 1832 instead of 1836 when it was set to expire • Whigs wanted to force Jackson’s hand

  10. BUS (continued) • Congress passes BUS charter and Jackson vetoes it; he then wins 1832 election over Clay • Jackson then stops making federal deposits in BUS; instead makes deposits to “pet banks” • Biddle starts calling in loans from small, local banks and money supply dwindled-he wanted people to blame Jackson • Panic starts and people blame Biddle! • Biddle breaks and starts lending money but damage done; 1836 charter expires and BUS dies 5 years later

  11. Indian Policy • Made his mark fighting Creeks and Seminoles • 1829, 1st message to Congress-Indians must be moved west of Mississippi River to save them from white civilization • Indian Removal Act of 1830: relocate Indians west of Miss. R.; make room for whites • Black Hawk’s War & Second Seminole War

  12. The Cherokees & Trail of Tears • Cherokees very assimilated • GA wanted to seize their lands • Worcester v. GA (1831) • Jackson did not support Marshall’s holding and refuses to uphold it • 1838, Van Buren orders Cherokees moved 1200 miles to Indian Territory (Ok) • Almost ¼ died on the trip (on foot)

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