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Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes Part 1

Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes Part 1. Ecosystem: interactions among populations in a community. Consists of: A community of organisms The soil, water, and weather Energy. Biome - a major ecosystem that shares the same type of climate and has similar life forms. Salt water Freshwater

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Chapter 3 Communities and Biomes Part 1

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  1. Chapter 3Communities and BiomesPart 1

  2. Ecosystem: interactions among populations in a community • Consists of: • A community of organisms • The soil, water, and weather • Energy

  3. Biome - a major ecosystem that shares the same type of climate and has similar life forms. Salt water Freshwater Estuary Terrestrial

  4. Tundra Permafrost - permanently frozen ground Plants - short roots; fast growing; perennials. Animals have thick fur / body fat / coloration.

  5. Taiga / Coniferous Forest Conifers - cone-bearing trees / bending branches / needles as leaves. Animals also have thick fur / body fat.

  6. Desert Most desert animals are nocturnal. Estivation - sleeping during hot days. Plants have waxy leaves / spines.

  7. Grasslands Most animals have good vision and speed. Plants have underground stems / survive fires.

  8. Temperate / Deciduous Forest Broad-leaved trees lose their leaves yearly. Some birds migrate.

  9. Tropical Rain Forest Arboreal - tree-dwelling animals Trees / Plants: 1. Canopy 2. Understory 3. Ground

  10. Adaptation: the process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment. • Coloration • Speed • Migration • Thick fur • Chemical defenses • Hibernation/ Estivation • Size • Thorns and stickers

  11. Average Temperature Average Precipitation CLIMATOGRAM -Measures two things:

  12. Chapters 3-4Communities and Biomes /PopulationPart 2

  13. Click to start video

  14. Succession: changes over time • Primary succession – new land caused by avalanches, volcanoes, and glaciers

  15. Succession: changes over time • Pioneer species – first species in an area

  16. Succession: changes over time • Climax community – shows little or no change over time • Secondary succession – sequence of life after natural disasters (ex. Forest fires) 1988 forest fire in Yellowstone Nat’l Park

  17. Population Dynamics • Exponential Growth - as a population gets larger, it also grows faster. (p 97) • Carrying capacity - the maximum number of organisms that an environment can support (p 98).

  18. Limiting factors:Factors that affect an organism’s ability to survive. • Density dependent factors: • Disease • Competition • Parasites • Food & water • Space

  19. Density independent factors (abiotic factors): • Temperature • Storms • Floods • Drought • Habitat disruption (logging, burning, draining swamps, moving in exotic species)

  20. Demography - human population growth • Immigration - moving in • Emigration - moving out • Growth rate • Natality - birth rate • Fatality - death rate

  21. The End!

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