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Communities & Biomes

Communities & Biomes. Limiting Factor. Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms. Examples of limiting factors. A.     Availability of food & water B.      Predation C.      Temperature – timberline D.     Sunlight

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Communities & Biomes

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  1. Communities & Biomes

  2. Limiting Factor Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms

  3. Examples of limiting factors • A.    Availability of food & water • B.     Predation • C.     Temperature – timberline • D.    Sunlight • E.     Climate • F.     Space

  4. Cascade Mountain

  5. Tolerance The ability of organisms to withstand fluctuations in biotic and abiotic factors

  6. Timberline on Mount Shasta

  7. Succession • The orderly, natural changes and species replacements that take place over time • e.g. abandoned parking lot over 30 years

  8. Types of Succession • Primary • Secondary

  9. Primary Succession • The colonization of barren land (no living organisms exist there) by pioneer species • Due to: • *Fire • *Flood • *Volcano

  10. Primary Succession • Pioneer species (Lichens & mosses) break up rock into soil • Ferns & weeds further break up soil • Seeds are carried by animals or blown by the wind

  11. Secondary Succession • The sequence of changes that takes place after an existing community is severely disrupted in some way (fire, flood, etc…) • PREVIOUS LIVING ORGANISMS AND SOIL ARE PRESENT

  12. Climax community • A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species • a.      Can last hundreds of years • b.     Climax communities occur quicker through secondary succession because soil is already formed (primary succession takes longer due to soil formation)

  13. Biomes

  14. TheTerrestrial Biomes • Tropical Rainforest • Tropical Dry Forest • Tropical Savanna • Temperate Grassland • Desert • Temperate Woodland & Shrubland • Temperate Deciduous Forest • Temperate Coniferous Forest • Temperate Rainforest • Taiga • Tundra

  15. The Aquatic Biomes • Freshwater • Estuaries • Marine • Aquatic Biomes are determined by depth, flow, temperature, & chemistry of the overlying water

  16. Freshwater Biomes Flowing water Rivers & streams Standing water Lakes & ponds Wetlands* Bogs, marshes, swamps *Water covers the soil for part of the year

  17. Estuaries • Salt-marshes & mangrove swamps • Form where fresh & salt water mix • Called brackish water

  18. Marine Zonation of water by depth • Photic zone – light can penetrate • Aphotic zone – light DOES NOT reach • Benthic zone – ocean floor Zonation of water by distance from the shore • Intertidal zone • Coastal (Neritic) zone • Open ocean

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