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The Principles of Design

The Principles of Design. Sayre – Chapter 8 7 th edition. design. the process of organizing the visual/formal elements the product of that process. The Principles of Design. Balance Emphasis and Focal Point Scale and Proportion Repetition and Rhythm Unity and Variety

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The Principles of Design

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  1. The Principles of Design Sayre – Chapter 8 7th edition

  2. design • the process of organizing the visual/formal elements • the product of that process

  3. The Principles of Design • Balance • Emphasis and Focal Point • Scale and Proportion • Repetition and Rhythm • Unity and Variety ***any of the Visual/Formal Elements can be used to create any of the above

  4. Balance • balance – achievement of equilibrium; acting influences are held in check by opposing forces; “even distribution of weight in a composition” • actual vs. visual • types of visual balance = symmetrical, asymmetrical and radial

  5. Symmetrical balance • Symmetrical (a.k.a. formal) balance – the near or exact matching of left and right sides of a 3D form or a 2D composition *What is absolute vs. bilateral symmetry?

  6. Symmetry is “visually inactive” which makes the work of art seem motionless and stable

  7. Fig 183/8-3

  8. Fig 184/8-4

  9. Asymmetrical balance • Asymmetrical (a.k.a. informal balance) – the two halves are not the same; instead various visual phenomena are balanced, according to their visual and referential weights “referential weight” (a.k.a. psychological weight) – weight we think of when we see an object

  10. Fig 186/8-6

  11. Visual Weight Principles (see p. 154)

  12. Radial Balance • “everything radiates outward from a central point”

  13. Fig 189/8-9

  14. Fig 420/14-9

  15. Emphasis and Focal Point • Emphasis – an area that is stressed or to which our attention is drawn in a work of art • Subordination – neutral areas which do not draw our attention away from the emphasis/focal point • Focal point – area of emphasis narrowed to a specific spot or figure

  16. Fig 192/8-12

  17. How might emphasis be accomplished? • Contrast – juxtaposition of strongly dissimilar elements

  18. Contrast – with light (Fig 124/6-7)

  19. Scale and Proportion • Scale – the size relationship of one thing to another (i.e. size in reference to the “normal” size of an object) • Proportion – the size relationship of parts to a whole

  20. Fig 200/8-20

  21. Fig 659/20-9 Death of Marat

  22. Fig 160/7-2

  23. Hierarchical scale/proportion • Use of unnatural scale/proportion to show the relative importance

  24. Fig 652/17-9 Palette of Narmer

  25. Repetition and Rhythm • Repetition – gives a work of art continuity or “flow” • Rhythm – organization of repeating elements in regular intervals

  26. Fig 207/8-27

  27. Zapatistas by Orozco

  28. Unity and Variety • Unity – appearance of oneness in a work of art • Variety – appearance of diversity in a work of art Both counterbalance or complement one another…

  29. Fig 207/8-27

  30. Fig 216/9-1

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