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The Principles of Design

The Principles of Design. Balance and Focal Point. Visual Balance. The equal distribution of weight or force among visual elements. Visual balance creates an equilibrium among elements regardless of their size, weight or shape. Visual Weight. Defined in two ways:

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The Principles of Design

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  1. The Principles of Design Balance and Focal Point

  2. Visual Balance • The equal distribution of weight or force among visual elements. • Visual balance creates an equilibrium among elements regardless of their size, weight or shape.

  3. Visual Weight • Defined in two ways: • The inclination of shapes to float or sink • The relative importance of a visual element

  4. Title: Some different varieties of asymmetrical balance. Artist: n/a Date: n/a

  5. Title: Woman Holding a Balance Artist: Johannes Vermeer Date: c. 1664

  6. Types of Balance • Symmetrical • Asymmetrical • Radial

  7. Symmetrical Balance • Two halves of the composition correspond to one another.

  8. Title: Illustration of Proportions of the Human Figure Artist: Leonardo ad Vinci Date: c. 1485-1490

  9. Title: Coronation of the Virgin Artist: Enguerrand Quarton Date: 1453-1454

  10. Approximate balance uses similar imagery on both sides

  11. Title: Emetic Fields Artist: Ida Applebroog Date: 1989

  12. Asymmetrical Balance • Neither side reflects or mirrors the other.

  13. Title: Zeeg (Spill Series) Artist: Nancy Graves Date: 1983

  14. Title: Boston Common at Twilight Artist: Childe Hassam Date: 1885-1886

  15. Radial Balance • Circular composition in which the elements projects outward from the center at regular intervals.

  16. Title: Rose window, south transept, Chartres Cathedral Artist: n/a Date: c. 1215

  17. Title: Animal Spirit Channeling Device for the Contemporary Shaman Artist: John Feodorov Date: 1997

  18. Approximate balance for the use of symbolism.

  19. Example of the use of imbalance to create a distorted view that makes the viewer feel uneasy.

  20. Emphasis and Focal Point • Emphasis is used to draw attention to a part of a design. • The focal point is the area of prominence.

  21. Title: Still Life with Lobster Artist: Anna Vallayer-Coster Date: 1781

  22. Emphasis Through Contrast • The creation of a focal point through a contrast in elements.

  23. Title: Joseph the Carpenter Artist: Georges de La Tour Date: c. 1645

  24. Emphasis Through Placement • Every square inch of an image has a distinctive power. • Placement of an element alone can increase the importance of a selected shape.

  25. Emphasis Through Isolation • An anomaly, or break from the norm tends to stand out. • Placement of an element alone adds emphasis and creates a focal point.

  26. Title: Parsifal I Artist: Anselm Kiefer Date: 1973

  27. Afocal • No single focal point. • No single point in the image demands any more attention than any other.

  28. Title: Les Reines de France Artist: Anselm Kiefer Date: 1995

  29. Title: Orange Crush Artist: Larry Poons Date: 1963

  30. Principles of Design Balance and Focal Point

  31. The Principles of Design Scale and Proportion Rhythm and Repetition Unity and Variety

  32. Scale and Proportion • Scale: The size of a form when compared with human size. • Proportion: The relative size of a visual element with in an image.

  33. Title: Public Figures Artist: Do-Ho-Suh Date: 1998-1999

  34. Title: Spoonbridge and Cherry Artist: Claes Oldenburg Date: 1988

  35. Title: The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit Artist: John Singer Sargent Date: 1882

  36. Title: The Great Wave off Kanagawa, from the series Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji Artist: Hokusai Date: 1823-1829

  37. Title: Untitled Artist: Felix Gonzalez-Torres Date: 1991

  38. Title: Woman with Stiletto (Death of Marat) Artist: Pablo Picasso Date: 1931

  39. Title: La Memoria de Nuestra Tierra Artist: Judith F. Baca Date: 1996

  40. Title: La Memoria de Nuestra Tierra Artist: Judith F. Baca Date: 1996

  41. Title: Doryphoros Artist: Polykleitos Date: 450 BCE

  42. Title: Parthenon Artist: n/a Date: 447-438 BCE

  43. Repetition and Rhythm • Repetition: The use of same or like elements repeated over and over again. • Rhythm: Created through the use of like elements in a deliberate pattern.

  44. Title: Barber Shop Artist: Jacob Lawrence Date: 1946

  45. Title: Gates of Hell with Adam and Eve Artist: Auguste Rodin Date: 1880-1917

  46. Title: Three Shades Artist: Auguste Rodin Date: 1881

  47. Unity and Variety • Unity: Similarity, oneness, togetherness or cohesion of an image. • Variety: Difference in an image.

  48. Grouping Containment Repetition Proximity Continuity Closure Gestalt Theory Visual information is understood holistically before it is examined separately.

  49. Title: Untitled Artist: Laylah Ali Date: 2000

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