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BRAHMS Experiment at RHIC October 4, 2000 DNP 2000

Explore the physics goals and measurements of the BRAHMS experiment at RHIC in 2000, covering detector overview, status reports, and early physics goals in Au+Au collisions. Learn about reaction dynamics, stopping, and more.

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BRAHMS Experiment at RHIC October 4, 2000 DNP 2000

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  1. BRAHMS Experiment atRHICOctober 4, 2000DNP 2000 F.Videbœk Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory

  2. BRHMS Collaboration Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA Fysisk Institutt, University of Oslo Norway. IReS, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France . Jagellonian University, Cracow, Poland. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA. New York University, USA. Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen,Denmark University of Bucharest, Romania. University of Kansas, USA. University of Bergen, Norway. Texas A&M University, College Station. USA I. G. Bearden7, D. Beavis1, Y. Blyakhman6, J.Brzychczyk,B. Budick6, H. Bøggild7, C. Chasman1, P. Christiansen7, J.Cibor, R.Debbe1, J. J. Gaardhøje7, K.Grotowski,J. I. Jordre10, F. Jundt3, K. Hagel11, O. Hansen7, A. Holm7, C. Holm7, A.K. Holme2, H. Ito9, E. Jacobsen7, A. Jipa8, C. E. Jørgensen7, E. J. Kim5, T. Kozik4, J. H. Lee1, Y. K.Lee5, G. Løvhøjden2, Z. Majka4, A. Makeev11, B. McBreen1, M. Murray11, J. Natowitz11, B.S.Nielsen7, K. Olchanski1, D. Ouerdane7, R.Planeta. F. Rami3, D. Roerich10, B. Samset2, S. Sanders9, R.A.Sheetz1, I. S. Sgura8, P. Stazel4,7, T.S. Tveter2, F.Videbæk1, R. Wada11and A.Wieloch DNP 2000

  3. Overview of presentation • Physics Goals of BRAHMS • Detector overview • Overall layout • Status, Detector Performance • Global measurements • Centrality selection and multiplicities • Spectrometer measurements • Status report for MRS, FS. DNP 2000

  4. BRAMS Physics Goals Measurements • p, K,  identified in wide range of rapidity, 0 < |y| < 4 and 0.2 < pt < ~ 3GeV/c (central and fragmentation region). • Measure semi-inclusive pt spectra as function of centrality. • Study this as function of collision system (Au, Si, p+A, and p+p) • Capabilities for BE measurements. Results will address • Reaction Dynamics. Stopping, chemical equilibrium, thermalization. • p,p-bar production. Baryo-chemical potential • K+,K-. Strangeness enhancement. • < pt > vs dN/dy. • Mini-jet production systematic; rapidity dependence (pt > 2 GeV/c p, K,  ). DNP 2000

  5. Early Physics Goals (Au+Au) • Global measurements • multiplicity measurements, and correlation's with forward neutrons. • Hadron rapidity distributions and , K, p yields for soft pt region. • Overall goal to determine aspects of initial conditions in the collision process and aspects of the freeze-out phase. • Stopping in particular • Baryon number transfer in rapidity • Different mechanism in HI reactions like Gluon junction or di-quark breaking mechanism may result in higher transfer than simple extrapolations from pA will indicate. • A rapidity shift in baryon kinematically corresponds to an energy loss. This energy can show up as increased particle production at mid-rapidity , or carried by high rapidity particles. DNP 2000

  6. Perspective View of Spectrometer DNP 2000

  7. Tracking and PID Forward Spectrometer • 2.3o <  < 30o Coverage • Full Forward Spectrometer (2.3o <  < 15o ) High-momentum mode • sweeping D1,D2 • tracking and momentum determination by T2-T5, D3,D4 • PID: RICH (/K/p) separation < 25 GeV/c) Tof-H2 ( /K < 5, K/p < 8.5 GeV/c with 4 cut) Low-momentum mode • tracking and momentum determination by T1-T2, D2 • PID: C1 (/K) separation < 9 GeV/c) Tof-H1 ( /K < 3.3, K/p < 5.7 GeV/c with 4 cut • Front Forward Spectrometer (15o <  < 30o ) • Same as Low-momentum Mode Momentum resolution (dp/p) ~ 1% DNP 2000

  8. Mid Rapidity Spectrometer and Global Detectors Mid-Rapidity Spectrometer • 30o <  < 95o Coverage • Tracking and Momentum determination, MTP1, MTP2 and D5. • PID TOFW ( /K < 2.2, K/p < 3.7 GeV/c with 4 cut). Essentially one charge sign measurements. The global detectors provides event characterization off-line as well as level 0 and level 1 triggering. • Beam-Beam Counter • provide a start time and Level 0 trigger • ~50psec time resolution and vertex determination to ~2-3 cm. • Provide multiplicity information at high . • Multiplicity Detector ( Tiles and Si-det) • Provide a measure of charged particle multiplicity in the central region • Sufficient segmentation to provide dN/d • Provide triggering on central/ non central events in Au-Au and Si-Si reactions. • Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDC). Common to RHIC experiments DNP 2000

  9. Expected result from 2000 data • The present analysis focuses on results that can be obtained from the short data taking run this year. Following section describes the status and progress towards the first Brahms results. • Event Selection and min bias distributions • BB, Tiles, ZDC • Multiplicity information • Charged Particle “Multiplicity” in +-2> h (Tile) +-4.3 > h > +-3 at sqrt(s) = 130 GeV/nucleon: Beam rapidity ~ 5 • dN/dh: Yield and Centrality Extracted from Tiles, BB • Charged hadrons (pi,K,p) • dn/ dpt at mid -rapidity • dn/ dpt at forward angles 4,5 degrees. DNP 2000

  10. Beam Beam Counters Typical ADC spectrum showing 1,2,3.. hits Top 32% Timing from large tubes is  ~ 50 psec. DNP 2000

  11. Multiplicity Measurement and Detector Hybrid Detector consisting of two layers of • 175 channels of Si-detector channels • 38 segments of 12*12 cm scintillator tiles • coverage -2.2 <  < 2.2. DNP 2000

  12. Event Selection • Event are selected by requiring timing signals from BB, ZDC consistent with a collisions for background rejection. • Events are required to have at least one hit in tiles. This rejects the very peripheral electromagnetic dis-association of the nuclei. • A vertex is calculated from the timing signals. DNP 2000

  13. Vertex Determination in Brahms Comparison of found collision vertex using a) ZDC & BB timing information and b) TPM1 tracking (BB)~4cm. (ZDC)~ 7cm. Vertex distribution of accepted tracks in TPM1. DNP 2000

  14. BB vs Tile 130 A.GeV • Correlation of summed detector signals between • BB (Forward region) • and Tile (Central region) • 56GeV/nucleon to 130GeV/nucleon • Signal increases : BB > Tile • The two measures centrality but at different range. 56 A.GeV DNP 2000

  15. Event Selection Distributions Tile Distribution Arb. units Min bias, requires at least one hit in tile. BB Distribution. 6% centrality Arb. units 6% selected on Tiles Normalized Mult. Gain corrected detector response is used to evaluate Normalized Multiplicity for BB and Tiles Normalized Mult DNP 2000

  16. Procedure for Beam Beam • Contribution to raw dn/d calculated event by event using thecollision vertex position, known geometries and calibrated ADCsignals. • Presently only a subset of the detector (ie large tubes) are used in the analysis. • The contribution from background i.e. background particles given additional signals in the detector (from conversion in beam pipe) is evaluated from geant simulation with a event model as input, and full digitization of the response. The simulated data are subject to an identical analysis as the real data. By comparing the model input a correction factor is extracted. • The response of the tubes is reasonably well understood; simulated and actual data agrees quite well (underestimate of background by ??) • More details in Talk on Friday First results from RHIC I session (Y.Blyakhman) DNP 2000

  17. Beam Beam results Systematic errors at present 10% from tube to tube variation, and another 15% from ADC to primary hit information DNP 2000

  18. Procedure for extracting Global information. Scintilator Tiles • Large linear Dynamic Range (1-100 hits),but no single hit resolution at higher multiplicities • De/dx measurement includes secondary particle contribution and thus relies on simulations to ‘convert’ to multiplicity ( Secondaries ~30-40%) • Gain from Cosmic Ray Calibration and very peripheral collisions. • High Gain Channel excluding (10%>ADC Sum) (equivalent to truncated mean). • More details in Talk on Saturday First results from RHIC II session (H.Hito) • First set of corrections has been applied, but requires another round of analysis to reduced the present systematic errors. DNP 2000

  19. Preliminary Multiplicity results • Analysis from Tiles • Errors are relative between points. • In addition there is an overall 15-20% systematic error from absolute energy calibration. • Data at =0 in agreement with the published Phobos (PRL) results • - The Brahms Multiplicity detectors will serve their purpose to provide centrality selection, provide dN/deta, and correlate with other RHIC experiments. • The total number of charged particles in the reaction is ~4000 in 7 units of rapidity. 6% centrality Preliminary The Brahms Multiplicity detectors will serve their purpose to provide centrality selection, provide dN/deta, and correlate with other RHIC experiments. DNP 2000

  20. TPCs • The TPCs have a short drift (20 cm) using ArCO2 (90:10) • Each detector has about 1000 pads readout with STAR FEE electronics, and a BRAHMS VME receiver board DNP 2000

  21. Particle spectra - The forward spectrometer data was taken at 4,5 and 8 degrees, with the front FS operational. - The detailed study of detector response and calibrations is underway. - The amount and quality of data should enable us measure the low pt range at rapidity 2.5-3.5 for pions, protons. - As example of tracking is show projection onto nominal IP plane with distributions near expected values. A sample momentum spectrum is shown for all charged particles in spectrometer. The yield is not corrected for acceptance. DNP 2000

  22. Particle spectra MRS The MRS spectra have lower statistics per run. One example shown. Overall Brahms collected ~10M triggers for mid- rapidity data. Data in this years run cover essentially the low pt region ~0.2-1.2 GeV/c at rapidities of 0, 1 (MRS) and 3.5 DNP 2000

  23. Time-Of-Flight Systems • The on-going work is in calibrations, and track matching. • Raw TDC timing and for for track selected hits illustrates the performance . In addition to TOF the Cerenkov C1 will be used in forward spectrometer. ADC TDC DNP 2000

  24. Multiplicity information from MRS tracking The solid angles of the TPC do not match those of other experiments, but will be valuable for Multiplicity measurements in their own right - Determine local tracks and make cuts on projection to IP - Selects track with BB/ZDC vertex near nominal IP. - Correct for solid angle. - Correction for efficiency ~20% - Systematic error evaluate at 10%, likely to improve. Work in progress Ntracks in TPM1 N(tiles) norm. DNP 2000

  25. Summary and outlok • The first year of RHIC running has yield a first set of good quality data that will give us hadronic spectra at several rapidities , and will enable us to establish the baseline properties for Ultra- relativistic Au-Au collisions. • Subsequent running period will give high statistics systematic vs. collisions systems as well as insight into higher pt regions over a wide range of rapidity. (AuAu, SS (or similar), pA) Finally the music started playing DNP 2000

  26. Identifying Collisions. (probably skip or use in other context later) Dt in BB ~ 0 (within interaction region) Dt in ZDC ~ 0 The First Collisions in BRAHMS 6/15/00 23:00 right after beam tuning 28+28GeV/nucleon 5 collisions/min at 3*1085*108ions (~700 collision events recorded) 65 GeV Data: > 15K collisions at 30/min with 6*1084*108ions DNP 2000

  27. Zero Degree Calorimeter (skip from pres.) • Luminosity Device for Au-Au collisions • Indicator of forward going energy (neutrons) • Common centrality information for all RHIC experiment Mutual single neutron emission caused by peripheral Coulomb and nuclear dissociation Calculable cross section 11 b at 200 A.GeV Add ZDC-Tile correlation DNP 2000

  28. Eta-PHI coverage of BB & Tiles. DNP 2000

  29. Preliminary multiplicity results -- will not show thisdata are not deemed good enough known to show both plotstogether… Summary of Brahms Analysis - The data from Tiles and BB are shown for positive eta only assuming symmetry. - The errors are present estimates for systematic errors - As a reference is shown the prediction from Hijing ( nucl-th 0008014). - The width of central collisions (6%) is FWHM/2 = (3.2+-.3 (syst)) Implications - Data at y=0 in agreement with the published Phobos (PRL…) data - The Brahms Multiplicity detectors will serve their purpose to provide centrality selection, provide dN/deta and give a common base for all RHIC exp. DNP 2000

  30. Do not show... Not corrected for efficiency. (+20%) A(tiles)/A(max) DNP 2000

  31. Event Selection Distributions Tile Distributions Gain corrected detector response is used to evaluate N/Nmax for BB and Tiles MIP Hits DNP 2000

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