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BATTERY CHARGING

BATTERY CHARGING. Charge characteristics for different battery types. Constant Current charge Constant Voltage charge Charge Efficiency. Constant Current charge characteristics. CC. CV. CE. Battery types: Pocket Plate - Constant Current Charge 0.1 C 5 A

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BATTERY CHARGING

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  1. BATTERYCHARGING

  2. Charge characteristics for different battery types Constant Current charge Constant Voltage charge Charge Efficiency

  3. Constant Current charge characteristics CC CV CE • Battery types: • Pocket Plate - Constant Current Charge 0.1 C5A • Pocket Plate - Comparison 0.1 C5A vs 0.2 C5A • Sintered-PBE - Constant Current Charge at 20°C • Sintered-PBE compared to pocket

  4. Pocket Plate - Constant Current Charge 0.1 C5A CC CV CE Cell Voltage (V) 1,7 L M H 1,6 Temperature 20 - 25°C 1,5 1,4 1,3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Charge Time (hours)

  5. Cell Voltage (V) 1,7 L M H 1,6 1,5 1,4 Temperature 20 - 25°C 1,3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Charge Time (hours) Pocket Plate - Comparison 0.1 C5A vs 0.2 C5A CC CV CE L M H 0.2 C5A 0.1 C5A

  6. Sintered-PBE - Constant Current Charge at 20°C CC CV CE

  7. Sintered-PBE - constant currentcharge at 0.2 C - compared to pocket CC CV CE

  8. Constant voltage charge: state of charge for different battery types CC CV CE H type – Charging current limit 0.1 C5A H type – Charging current limit 0.2 C5A ULM S/PBE

  9. H type - constant voltage charge:available capacity at 0.1 C5A CC CV CE Available Capacity (% of rated capacity) 110 Charging Voltage 100 1.65 Vpc 1.60 Vpc 1.55 Vpc 1.50 Vpc 90 1.45 Vpc 1.40 Vpc 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Current Limit 0.1 C5A Temperature 20 - 25°C 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Charge Time (hours)

  10. H type - constant voltage charge:available capacity at 0.2 C5A CC CV CE Available Capacity (% of rated capacity) 110 Charging Voltage 100 1.60 Vpc 1.55 Vpc 1.50 Vpc 1.45 Vpc 90 1.40 Vpc 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Current Limit 0.2 C5A Temperature 20 - 25°C 10 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Charge Time (hours)

  11. ULM - constant voltage charge:available capacity at 0.1 C5A CC CV CE Available capacity on float charge from a fully discharged cell at 20 - 25 °C Charge Time (hours)

  12. S/PBE - constant voltage charge:available capacity at 0.2 C5A CC CV CE Typical Constant Voltage Charge Curves at +20°C, Current Limit 0.2C5A Available Capacity (%) 110 1.50 volts/cell 100 90 80 1.40 volts/cell 70 1.42 volts/cell 1.45 volts/cell 60 50 40 30 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Time (hours)

  13. Charge efficiency CC CV CE • There are two basic aspects on charging efficiency • ampere-hour efficiency • Ah efficiency = • watt-hour efficiency • Wh efficiency = Available Ah Charged Ah Available Wh Charged Wh

  14. Charge efficiency CC CV CE Pocket Plate : typical Ah efficiency Sintered PBE : typical Ah efficiency Pocket Plate : floating current Sintered PBE Ranges : floating current Charge efficiency: temperature

  15. Charge efficiency : Pocket Plate CC CV CE Typical Ampere hour efficiency with charge at constant current 0.2C5A at 20°C After 100% charge input, 85% are available Percentage (%) Charged capacity (% C5 Ah)

  16. Charge efficiency : Sintered PBE CC CV CE Typical Ampere hour efficiency with charge at constant current 0.2C5A at 20°C After 100% charge input, 95% are available Percentage (%) Charged capacity (% C5 Ah)

  17. Charge efficiency: temperature CC CV CE • At battery temperatures < 20°C, the charge efficiency of the battery is improved and close to 100%. • At battery temperatures > 20°C, the charge efficiency of the battery is reduced

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