Research issues and analysis

1. Research issues and analysis

2. Self- fulfilling prophecy • When a researcher’s expectations influence that person’s own behavior, thus influencing the participant’s behavior • Non-verbal cues, body language

3. How to avoid self-fulfilling prophecy • Double blind experiment • Neither participants or experimenter know who is receiving the independent variable • Single blind • The participants do not know who is receiving the independent variable • Placebo effect- a change in a participant’s behavior that results from a belief that he/she is receiving treatment (independent variable

5. Explaining the research…statistics • Descriptive statistics- organizing data in a practical and efficient way • Frequency distribution- organizing data so we know how OFTEN something occurs • Frequency polygon- shows the shape of data distribution • Normal Curve-symmetrical, bell shaped curve

7. Central Tendency • Measure of Central tendency- a number that describes something about the average score of a distribution • Mean- average • Median-middle number • Mode-most often • Standard deviation- measure of variability, how far away from “normal” is it?

9. Standard Deviation

10. Correlation Coefficient • Shows direction and strength of a relationship between two sets of variables • Positive correlation + as one variable increases, the second variable increases • Negative correlation – as one variable increases, the second variable decreases

11. Positive Correlation

12. Negative Correlation