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Chapter 10: Evolution

Chapter 10: Evolution . Section 10.1 Early Ideas about Evolution . Warm-Up. How can you use the concept of genetic inheritance to disprove Lamarc k’s idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics?. Objectives . Students will be able to examine early ideas about evolution.

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Chapter 10: Evolution

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  1. Chapter 10: Evolution Section 10.1 Early Ideas about Evolution

  2. Warm-Up • How can you use the concept of genetic inheritance to disprove Lamarck’s idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics?

  3. Objectives • Students will be able to examine early ideas about evolution. • Students will be able to identify three geological theories that influenced scientific debates over evolution

  4. Key Concept • There were theories of biological and geologic change before Darwin.

  5. Early Scientists Proposed Ideas About Evolution • What is Evolution? • The process of biological change by which descendants come to differ from their ancestors • Evolution is the central theme of all fields of biology

  6. Early Scientists Proposed Ideas About Evolution • Carl Linnaeus • Swedish Botanist who developed a classification system for all organisms know at the time : • Binomial Nomenclature • Organisms were grouped by their similarities and evolutionary relationships • Believed that some organisms developed due to hybridization • Crossing between species • Species: a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can reproduce and have offspring

  7. Early Scientists Proposed Ideas About Evolution • George Louis Leclerc de Buffon • French naturalist • Suggested that species shared ancestors • Discussed the sources of biological evolution

  8. Early Scientists Proposed Ideas About Evolution • Erasmus Darwin • Charles Darwin’s Grandfather • He suggested that all organisms evolved from a common ancestor • More complex life forms developed from less complex life forms

  9. Early Scientists Proposed Ideas About Evolution • Jean-Baptiste Lamarck • Believed that all organisms evolved to become perfect and more complex • Did not believe in the idea of extinction • Changes in the environment could lead to a change in an organisms behavior which can lead to use or disuse of a particular structure or organ • Inheritance of Acquired characteristics

  10. Timeline of Evolution 1735: Linnaeus classification system 1794-1796: Erasmus Darwin more complex forms develop from less complex forms 1859: Charles Darwin published On the Origin of the Species 1809: Lamarck environmental change leads to use or disuse 1749: Buffon species shared ancestors 1866: Mendel publishes his pea plant research

  11. Theories of Geologic Change Set the Stage for Darwin’s Theory • George Cuvier presented the idea that species could become extinct. • Cuvier observed that within each layer, or stratum, of rocks laid specific type of fossils • Traces of organisms that existed in the past • Cuvier proposed the geologic change theory of Catastrophism: • Natural disasters have occurred throughout the Earth’s history causing species to become extinct.

  12. Theories of Geologic Change Set the Stage for Darwin’s Theory • James Hutton proposed the theory of gradualism • Slow changes over time • Charles Lyell developed the theory of gradualism into something greater called uniformitarianism • Geologic processes that shape the Earth are uniform throughout time. • This theory greatly influenced the work of Charles Darwin.

  13. Theories of Geologic Change Set the Stage for Darwin’s Theory • Uniformitarianism is the prevailing theory of geologic change.

  14. Reflection • (1) Examine early ideas about evolution. • (2) Identify three geological theories that influenced scientific debate over evolution.

  15. Chapter 10: Evolution Section 10.2 Darwin’s observations

  16. Objectives • Students will be able to describe how Darwin arrived at his idea about species variation • Students will be able to recognize how Darwin’s discoveries supported Lyell’s ancient Earth Theory

  17. Key Concept • Darwin’s voyage provided insight on evolution.

  18. Darwin Observed Differences Among Island Species • Darwin, during 1831, set off on a five year expedition on the HMS Beagle along the coast of South America and the Pacific Islands • On his travels, he was surprised by the variation of traits among species • Variation: difference in physical traits of an individual from other individuals in the group to which it belongs • Interspecific • Intraspecific

  19. Darwin Observed Differences Among Island Species • Variation is a difference in a physical trait. • Galápagos tortoises that live in areas with tall plants have long necks and legs. • Galápagos finches that live in areas with hard-shelled nuts have strong beaks.

  20. Darwin Observed Differences Among Island Species • An adaptation is a feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment. • Species are able to adapt to their environment. • Adaptations can lead to genetic change in a population.

  21. Darwin Observed Differences Among Island Species

  22. Darwin Observed Fossil and Geologic Evidence Supporting an Ancient Earth • Darwin found fossils of extinct animals that resemble modern animals. • Darwin found fossil shells high up in the Andes mountains.

  23. Darwin Observed Fossil and Geologic Evidence Supporting an Ancient Earth • He saw land move from underwater to above sea level due to an earthquake. • Darwin extended his observations to the evolution of organisms.

  24. Reflection • (1) Describe how Darwin arrived at his idea about species variation. • (2) Recognize how Darwin’s discoveries supported Lyell’s ancient-Earth theory.

  25. Homework • PN Section 10.3 • V# 10 Vocabulary due Friday • Web Quest due Wednesday

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