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LANDFILL LEVIES AND OTHER ECOLOGICAL TRUTHS Warwick Giblin Enviro Taxation June 2003

LANDFILL LEVIES AND OTHER ECOLOGICAL TRUTHS Warwick Giblin Enviro Taxation June 2003. OVERVIEW. Traditional economic measures The need to change Market based instruments MBI’s in waste management Landfill levy for NZ Keys to waste minimisation

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LANDFILL LEVIES AND OTHER ECOLOGICAL TRUTHS Warwick Giblin Enviro Taxation June 2003

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  1. LANDFILL LEVIES AND OTHER ECOLOGICAL TRUTHS Warwick Giblin Enviro Taxation June 2003

  2. OVERVIEW • Traditional economic measures • The need to change • Market based instruments • MBI’s in waste management • Landfill levy for NZ • Keys to waste minimisation GOAL: HAVE ECONOMY TELL ECOLOGICAL TRUTH

  3. TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC MEASURES • GDP = wealth ?? • Traditional “wealth” measures  unsustainability • Inefficient use of resources  waste • Loss of ‘natural capital’  unsustainable • No account of environmental costs & benefits

  4. FUTURE ECONOMIC MEASURES • Economic incentives/disincentives to price goods /services with enviro costs • Reduce taxes on labour • Disincentives to address costs: • resource depletion • pollution • ecological degradation (climate change) • Market Based Instruments (MBI’s)

  5. MARKET BASED INSTRUMENTS (MBI’S) • Internalise non-market enviro values • Enviro protection more ‘profitable’ / lower cost option • Encourage reduced consumption • Discourage unsustainable behaviour • More cost effective • Encourage green technologies • Revenue for public enviro protection

  6. TYPES OF MBI’S • Pollution charges / enviro taxes • industrial emission taxes • user pays charges • Tradeable permits • total pollution level fixed, polluters bid for quota • Government subsidies • reform to discourage unsustainable practices e.g. land clearing, water, energy, fertiliser

  7. WASTE AND MBI’S • Waste = an unwanted resource (low price item, seen as no value) • UK landfill tax • £13 / t (NZ $42) • total fee £27 / t (NZ $88) • rate too low to stimulate required behavioural change; needs doubling / tripling • part revenue used for community enviro projects

  8. WASTE AND MBI’S cont. • NSW Landfill Levy • Sydney: A $18.20 / t • total fee A $75 / t • country: A $9.60 / t • 50% consolidated revenue; 50% Resource NSW • Victoria Landfill Levy • A $4 / t MSW, A $10 / t industrial waste • in 2007, $9, $30 respectively • Eco-Recycle Victoria

  9. WASTE AND MBI’S cont. • Others • Adelaide: double to A$10 / t July 2003 • Ireland: NZ 30c levy per plastic bag (90% reduction) • Netherlands: £ 48 / t LF tax • Germany, Denmark: ecological tax reform

  10. LEVY FOR NZ Aim: incentive to modify wasteful behaviour • $20 / t plus $1 p.a. increase MSW • higher rate for industrial waste • fund waste minimisation

  11. THE WAY AHEAD • MBI’s so change behaviour • Change “wealth” measures • Teeth to waste strategy (ERP, bans) • Waste facility national standards - enforce • Govt: encourage recyclate markets, altern waste technologies • Education: inform  understand  attitudes • Govt: emphasise enviro / social criteria in tenders; less on short term economics

  12. LET’S DO IT! LANDFILL LEVY : HELP MARKET-PLACE TELL ECOLOGICAL TRUTH ABOUT RESOURCE USE

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