1 / 8

Aim: How did the Thirty Years War bring an end to the Age of Religious Wars?

Aim: How did the Thirty Years War bring an end to the Age of Religious Wars?. Lasts from 1618-1648 Another civil war within the Holy Roman Empire over religion that ultimately involves several European powers.

erma
Download Presentation

Aim: How did the Thirty Years War bring an end to the Age of Religious Wars?

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Aim: How did the Thirty Years War bring an end to the Age of Religious Wars? • Lasts from 1618-1648 • Another civil war within the Holy Roman Empire over religion that ultimately involves several European powers. • Final effort by the Hapsburgs to unite the Holy Roman Empire under Catholicism (and thus politically).

  2. Causes of the War • From 1555-1618, the Peace of Augsburg failed to settle the Catholic/Protestant rivalry in the HRE. • Calvinists are converting several German princes (their religion is not covered by the Peace of the Augsburg) • Protestant Union (1608) vs. Catholic League (1609)

  3. Spark of the War • 1617: Ferdinand II (Hapsburg, Holy Roman Emperor, hard-core Catholic) elected king of Bohemia. Attempts to persecute and forcibly convert the Protestant population. • May 1618: Two of Ferdinand’s generals are thrown out a castle window in Prague by Protestants. Fall seventy feet but survive (Defenestration of Prague).

  4. Phase 1: Bohemian Phase (1618-1625) • Civil War in Bohemia between the forces of Ferdinand II (Catholic League) and Frederick of the Palantinate (Protestant Union). • Catholics win – Bohemia, Silesia, Moravia become uniformly Catholic.

  5. Phase 2: Danish Phase (1625-1629) • Ferdinand II continues moving north (troops led by Albert of Wallenstein). Opposed by Protestant ruler King Christian IV of Denmark. • Catholics win huge victories, sweep north to the Baltic and east into Pomerania • Peak of Hapsburg power during the war. Ferdinand II issues the Edict of Restitution. • Wallenstein’s ambitions divide the Catholic cause.

  6. Phase 3: Swedish Phase (1630-1635) • Leadership of the Protestant side taken over by Swedish king GustavusAdolphus. • Protestants win two enormous victories in Northern Germany at Breitenfeld (1631) and Lutzen (1632), but Adolphus is killed in battle.

  7. Phase 4: French Phase (1635-1648) • France (under King Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu) declares war on the Hapsburgs, sends military and financial assistance to the Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire. France is also Catholic. Why are they doing this?

  8. Treaty of Westphalia (1648) • Ends the Thirty Years War. Conflicts fought over religion will be less frequent after this. • Recognizes the independent authority of more than three hundred German princes. Ends the Holy Roman Empire as a real state. • France rises in power, Hapsburg territories (like Spain) lose power. • Peace of Augsburg modified so that Calvinism becomes legally permissible. North German states remain Protestant, southern German states remain Catholic.

More Related