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Emergency Management and Information Society How to improve the synergy ?

Emergency Management and Information Society How to improve the synergy ?. Jean Luc WYBO - École des Mines de Paris Harriet LONKA - GAIA Group - Finland. What is an Emergency?. An abnormal situation which evolution is uncertain May turn into a crisis if not properly managed

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Emergency Management and Information Society How to improve the synergy ?

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  1. Emergency Managementand Information SocietyHow to improve the synergy ? Jean Luc WYBO - École des Mines de Paris Harriet LONKA - GAIA Group - Finland

  2. What is an Emergency? • An abnormal situation which evolution is uncertain • May turn into a crisis if not properly managed • Natural/Technical, social, organizational factors Natural factors (climatology, combustion, hydrology, etc.) Organizational factors (Prevention and Disaster management) Disaster development (flood, fire, etc.) Socioeconomical factors (Population and values at risk)

  3. Emergency management: a Complex task • Several systems • Climate, technology, networks, means • Many stakeholders • Authorities, rescue services, victims, volunteers, media • Several organizations • Local communities, private sector, state agencies • Rescue services, police, NGO’s • Aggravating factors • Availability of information, communication problems • A key factor: resilience of organizations

  4. How to cope with the complexity? • Knowledge is provided by the analysis of experience • What happened? What went wrong? What succeeded? • Technical, human and organizational solutions Case i Documented domain Case J Daily operations Case n

  5. Resilience of emergency organizations • Daily life • Monitor availability of information and resources • Detect key information and communication overflow • Allow flexible behavior to support fixed procedures • In case of difficulties (disruption of resources) • When the situation escapes from the known domain • Emergencies • Sort crucial information from the flow of data • Ensure that key information reach key people • Provide alternative channels for information • To assess priorities and support cooperative decisions

  6. ICT and Emergency Management • ICT have a great potential to improve efficiency • In supporting the sharing of critical information • In providing reliable communications • ICT are designed for well documented situations • EM practitioners face complex situations • They use codified procedures and tacit knowledge • ICT designers need a good knowledge of EM tasks • How people deal with risk issues in everyday life? • What are the needs and capabilities during operations? • Where are the real difficulties related to ICT?

  7. Collecting and sharing experience • Data collection • During disaster and after (logfile, sensors, etc.) • Interviews of practitioners • Different responsibilities, roles, levels of hierarchy • Search for tacit knowledge: « what else could be done ? » • Collective validation of the « objective truth » • Merge individual experiences in a common story • Involve all stakeholders in the discussion • Learn lessons from positive & negative actions • Sources of problems and sources of resilience

  8. The particle of experience • The smallest meaningful part of experience • Mental images of practitioners: « episodic memory » • Corresponds to a key instant of the emergency development • Contains most of the complexity in 4 phases • Context and event: natural, organizational and human aspects • Analysis: what may happen, what to do, which solutions ? • Actions: strategy, planning, decisions, commands • Effects: success or failure • A potential for generalization • Almost never two identical disasters • But quite often similar decisions in similar contexts

  9. Particles of experience Management of a flood(France, November 99) Before the crisis Cleaning of river banks Procedure for heavy rains Pre-alert Procedure for river surveillance Perception of an alarming situation Prevention Alert is confirmed Preparation of an evacuation and public information Routine activity Preventive evacuation of threatened population Management of population sheltering Establishment of a crisis command center Management of media and visits of Officials Embankment collapses Evacuation of people endangered by the flooding Rescue Post-crisis management (compensations, cleaning)

  10. Conclusions • ICT have a great potential to improve resilience • Sharing of information and efficient communications • Simulations, monitoring, resources tracking • Understanding of EM complexity is a key factor • EM Experience is an important source of knowledge • Collecting and formalizing individual experience • Give access to the tacit knowledge of practitioners • Improve sharing of experiences between people • Provide key knowledge to design efficient ICT solutions • Contribute to increase the resilience of organizations

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