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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. Chapter 6. Obtaining Energy. Autotroph: energy (glucose) from sunlight. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Heterotroph: energy from food. Why is Photosynthesis important?. Makes organic molecules out of inorganic materials.

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis Chapter 6

  2. Obtaining Energy • Autotroph: energy (glucose) from sunlight. • 6CO2+ 6H2O + sunlight  C6H12O6 + 6O2 • Heterotroph: energy from food

  3. Why is Photosynthesis important? • Makes organic molecules out of inorganic materials. • It begins all food chains & webs. All life is supported by this process. • It also makes oxygen gas!

  4. Photosynthesis-starts to ecological food webs!

  5. Photo-synthesis ="putting together with light." • Plants use sunlight to turn water and carbon dioxide into glucose. • Plants use glucose as food • Autotrophs make glucose and heterotrophs are consumers of it.

  6. Two Types of Photosynthesis • Light Reactions • Sunlight is absorbed and converted to chemical energy • Chemical energy is temporarily stored in plants as ATP and NADPH • Calvin Cycle • CO2, ATP, and NADPH make organic compounds 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

  7. Photosynthesis Carbon dioxide + water glucose + oxygen sunlight absorbed by chlorophyll 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy  C6H12O6+ 6O2

  8. Plants in Action

  9. Capturing Energy • During light reactions, the plant’s chloroplasts absorb the sunlight

  10. Elodea Same plant that we used for transport. The green circular organelles are the chloroplasts!

  11. Elodea using photosynthesis What gas do you think is in the bubbles that the plant made?

  12. Why are plants green? • The light we see from the sun is white light, but its way more than white! • Colors that we see are reflected from the object.

  13. Pigment in Plants • Why do we see green? • Green color from white light reflected NOT absorbed by the chlorophyll in the chloroplast

  14. Visible light is only a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum (all forms of light).

  15. PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Absorbing Light Energy to make Chemical Energy • Pigments: Absorb different colors of white light (ROY G BIV) • Main pigment: Chlorophyll a • Accessory pigments: Chlorophyll b and Carotenoids • These pigments absorb all wavelengths (light) BUT green!

  16. Absorption Spectra for Photosynthetic Pigment

  17. Light  Energy Reactions • Photosystems • Each photosystem is light dependent • Photosystem II is occurs first • 1. Water is split and electrons are passed to a protein • 2. Once light is absorbed the electrons are excited and move to the following protein in the membrane • 3. The primary electron acceptor donates the electron to the electron transport chain

  18. Photosystem II Occurs on the membrane of the thylakoid sacs in the chloroplasts

  19. Light  Energy Reactions • Photosystem I occurs next • 4. The electrons from the electron transport chain are transferred to the primary acceptor protein once light is absorbed • 5. Primary electron acceptor donates to another electron transport chain (towards the stroma) • 6. The electrons are donated once last time to a molecule NADP+ (low energy) and this become NADPH (higher energy)

  20. How do you get an e- from water? • There is an enzyme that can break water molecules into 3 products • One of the final products is electrons 2H2O 4H+ + 4e- + O2 • For every 2 molecules of water, you get 4 electrons and oxygen gas • This is the oxygen we breathe!

  21. Making ATP! • The thylakoid has its membrane and proteins throughout • H+ ions are higher concentration in the cell • ATP synthase: protein in membrane that transfers H+ ions via facilitated diffusion • This process give the needed energy to combine ADP + extra P in the cell to make ATP

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