Harnessing Clean Coal Technology for Sustainable Energy Solutions

1. “6th Coal Summit & Expo 2016” Coal Utilization Technologies to Reduce Carbon Footprint D. K. Jain Formerly Director(Technical) NTPC Limited New Delhi

2. Climate change debate has brought carbon to the centre stage COP-21 Paris agreement establishes requirement of global collaborative R&D Advent of INDC concept with periodic ratcheting up of emission reduction. Technology disruption- Unprecedented focus on renewable technologies Global economy slow down Managing coal generation ramp up along with emission reduction is a key challenge for India

3. 1 Clean thermal power important in Indian context 2 CCT options and challenges 3 National clean power initiatives 4 Suggested way forward Presentation Structure

4. 1 Clean thermal power important in Indian context 2 CCT options and challenges 3 National clean power initiatives 4 Suggested way forward Presentation Structure

5. India poised for rapid electricity capacity ramp up India’s per capita power consumption among the lowest in the world… With High GDP Growth Projections & electrification program the capacity is set to rise rapidly ~13000kWh 1112 GW 562 GW ~3000kWh 398! GW 280 GW ~1000kWh 2022 2030 2047 2015 USA** India* World** Source: A Report on Energy Efficiency and Energy Mix in the Indian Energy System (2030) Using India Energy Security Scenarios, 2047 , NITI Aayog | April 2015 Source: * CEA: GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY SECTOR IN INDIA FROM 1947-2015, 2015 value ** IEA: Key World Energy STATISTICS 2014 Data corresponds to year 2012 ! The report in its analyses has not assumed the energy policy announcements of the Government regarding 175 GW target of renewable energy in 2022 which might rise further in the years to come.

6. Coal to remain integral to India’s energy security Growth Drivers for Coal Based TPS RES, 14.5% Coal, 61.1% 186 GW • Abundant coal reserves, vital for energy security of the country. Hydro, 14.1% Nuclear 1.9% • India has great push for renewable energy (RE) (30% to 40% in energy mix by 2030). However “cyclic behaviour” of RE, again calls for baseline capacity of coal based generation for stability. Gas, 8.1% Source: CEA Coal Power plants form the base of India’s installed electricity capacity (total capacity as on 31.07.2016- 304.76GW) Assimilation of clean coal technologies becomes essential due to coal capacity addition and responsibility to remain in sync with the global climate action RES: Renewable energy source

7. 1 Clean thermal power important in Indian context 2 CCT options and challenges 3 National clean power initiatives 4 Suggested way forward Presentation Structure

8. ‘Clean use of Coal’ Essentially two routes to advanced coal conversion 700°C Advanced USC (AUSC) Steam Turbine path 600°C Ultra SC (USC) 545°C Supercritical(SC) Integrated coal gasification fuel cell CC Integrated gasification combined cycle CCT thematic directions CCGT Pressurized combustion Gas Turbine path

9. R&D funding for CCT has varied with perceived economic opportunity R&D triggered by end of cheap oil softened with falling prices later almost collapsed CTL program Coal Gasification Electric Power Generation Advanced Pulverized coal Fluidized Bed Combustion IGCC IGFC PFBC History of funding for coal R&D under DOE’s office of Fossil Energy R&D budget* * Ref: J.P. Longwell, E.S. Rubin, J. Wilson, Coal: Energy for the future, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Volume 21, Issue 4, 1995

10. Carbon reduction potential in power plant technology still remains untapped • Large number of variants like Adv-USC, IGCC, PFBC, oxy-combustion, capture options etc have been attempted to varying degree. • Each technology option awaits certain candidate developments as in materials or product designs. • The route to options for Indian clean coal scenario will be stony as it needs to resurrect necessary R&D in custody of countries, which by now, is allergic to coal • Additionally technology customization to for Indian coals, which characterize uniquely, shall be required CCT Efficiency Comparison Developing these technologies is capital and resource intensive and hence require collaborative effort.

11. 1 Clean thermal power important in Indian context 2 CCT options and challenges 3 National clean power initiatives 4 Suggested way forward Presentation Structure

12. Indian focus on clean power Renewables Renewable CCT Technology Interests Adv-USC Project Supercritical Supercritical Technology Plant Performance Optimization Efficiency Enhancement Equipment Customization Unit Parameters Ramp up NOx control Establishing National norms Emissions Control Mercury control ESP design Customization Flue Gas Desulphurization Stack height Norms 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2017 Focus on Clean Coal Technology and high efficiency - initially to control ‘local pollution’ later metamorphosed to high efficiency cycles with rise of ‘climate concerns’

13. Clean Use of Coal - High Efficiency Trajectory Thermal Efficiency improvements in India

14. Indian Adv-USC Program Expanding the endeavour through development of AUSC technology Status Update Indian A-USC • R&D phase of the project costing ~ Rs.1500 crores recently approved by GOI • Test loops utilizing indigenously developed advanced materials for high temperature applications shall be installed at NTPC Dadri for hot corrosion tests • Plant Design Memorandum (PDM) finalized • Nine Pre-project R&D activities have been initiated. Collaboration between NTPC, BHEL and IGCAR Objective: 800 MWe Adv-USC Plant having 310 ksc press / 710°C MS / 720°C RH Temp Time schedule 7 years (2½ R&D & 4½ yrs plant Const.) Target efficiency 46% against 38% in sub-critical plants resulting in 18% reduction in carbon emissions Source: NTPC Limited

15. 1 Clean thermal power important in Indian context 2 CCT options and challenges 3 National clean power initiatives 4 Suggested way forward Presentation Structure

16. Knowledge based CCT Deployment A definite strategy has been followed in India while adopting the clean coal technologies Technology scans OEM dialogues Visits for 1st hand exposure Background studies Global Operation feedback Coal Testing in Gasifier International experts inputs Industry experience capture Supercritical induction International experience capture International experts inputs IGCC Strategy

17. Enabling Large scale CCT deployment Establishing advanced energy conversion technologies for coal is a different ball game when compared with adoption of mature technology import. Imperatives…… Collaborative CCT R&D for technology development time reduction. Technology customization for Indian operating conditions- Fuel, MRO etc. Endogenous capacity building for technology absorption. Developing freeware for IPR as the problem is common to many countries. …….drivers Increasing acceptance of the problem and global convergence Technology development is capital and R&D intensive Looking at the huge capacity addition outlook in India, selection and establishment of advanced carbon conversion technology will have a huge impact on the carbon emission values

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